Module 4

• Ode

  • lyrical poem
  • expresses praise, glorification or tribute.
  • from ancient Greece
  • subject is examined in an emotional and intellectual perspective
• There are three main types of odes

  1. The Pindaric
  2. Horatian
  3. Irregular
• Origin of Pindaric Odes

  • named after Pindar; legendary lyrical poet of Ancient Greece
  • Originally Performed using dancers and chorus
• Usual Subject of Pindaric Odes

  • Personal tribute to gods
  • And Majesty of nature
• Structure and Rhyme Scheme of Pindaric Odes

  • Follows traditional rhyme scheme in three-part form
  • Strophe; beginning
  • Antistrophe; middle
  • Epode; end

  Strophe and Antistrophe

  • share common meter and length

  Epode

  • has own unique meter and length

  Quatrains

  • 4 line stanzas
• Example of Pindaric Odes

  • “Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood”
  • by William Wordsworth
• Origin of Horatian Odes

  • named after Horace, roman poet
  • rarely performed on stage
  • designed for meditation, personal reading or small recitations
• Usual Subject of Horatian Odes

  • Traditionally explores the intimate scenes of daily life
• Structure and Rhyme Scheme of Horatian Odes

  • traditional two or four-line stanza and rhyme scheme
  • Third Line often Short
  • Followed by a full fourth line
• Example of Horatian Odes

  • Ode to Grecian Urn
  • John Keats
• Origin of Irregular Odes

  • mimic the style of Greek poets Anacreon and Alcaeus
  • AKA Cowleyan Ode
  • After English Poet, Abraham Cowley
  • Relaxes the structure of the ode poem even further
• Usual Subjects of Irregular Odes

  • intensely personal take about larger-than-life subjects or ordinary things
• Structure and Rhyme Scheme of Irregular Odes

  • Thematically similar to pindaric and horation
  • looser
  • Most odes in contemporary period
• Example of Irregular Odes

  • Ode to the West Wind
  • Percy Bysshe Shelley
• Origin of Neruda's Odes

  • Neftali Ricardo Reyes // Pablo Neruda
  • 225 odes in total
  • came up of new structure of an ode
  • less formal, less confined structure
• Usual Subject of Neruda's Odes

  • Light-hearted moral odes
  • about ordinary things
• Structure and Rhyme Scheme of Neruda's Odes

  • Stanzas may vary in length and number
  • Free Verse (verso libre)
  • -no specific rhyme scheme or metrical pattern followed
  • Most cases, each line contain a single or a few words to ensure enjambment occurring throughout the ode
  • -continuance of a sentence or phrase from one poetical line to the next without punctuation
• Example of Neruda's Ode

  • Ode to My Socks
  • Pablo Neruda
• Poetic response

  • one's emotion has been stirred or triggered upon reading a text
  • elicited by a line, metaphor, or strong viewpoint in writing(e.g; editorial, news article, poem, social media post)
  • Response can take any literary form (e.g; lyrical poem, essay, editorial, limerick)
• Imitation

  • way to respond to a poem
  • TS Eliot about Philip Massinger
  • Immature Poets imitate
  • Mature Poets Steal
  • Bad Poets
  • deface what they take
  • throws into something with no cohesion
  • Good Poets
  • makes something better or something different
  • welds his theft into a whole of feeling; unique, utterly different from that from which it was torn
• Impact of Surrealism in Neruda's Poetry

  • Surrealist give the imagination and dreams as much importance and emphasis as logic and reason
  • writers employ the unconscious mind to explain rational life
  • Free the imaginations - poets uses techniques that liberate the mind of conscious control
• 1920-1950

  • Social Realism & Late surrealism
  • two dominant political and aesthetic positions for leftist Latin American and Spanish Writers