Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot?
microscopic anatomy
muscle anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
Regional anatomy
A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________.
exercise physiologist
microscopic anatomist
regional physiologist
systemic anatomist
Exercise physiologist
The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________.
cell
molecule
organ
tissue
Cell
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
organ
organelle
organism
organ system
Organ
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________.
cardiovascular system
endocrine system
muscular system
skeletal system
Skeletal system
Metabolism can be defined as the ________.
adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes
process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions
process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells
sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________.
is the result of catabolism
releases energy in uncontrolled bursts
stores energy for use by body cells
All of the above
Stores energy for use by body cells
Cancer cells can be characterized as “generic” cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________.
differentiation
reproduction
responsiveness
both reproduction and responsiveness
Differentiation
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.
food
nitrogen
oxygen
water
Oxygen
Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?
All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival.
Because the body cannot store any micronutrients, they need to be consumed nearly every day.
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are micronutrients.
Macronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival
C.J. is stuck in their car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Their body responds to the cold by ________.
increasing the blood to the hands and feet
becoming lethargic to conserve heat
breaking down stored energy
significantly increasing blood oxygen levels
Breaking down stored energy
After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________.
a control center
a set point
effectors
sensors
A control center
Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________.
blood vessels in the skin to constrict
breathing to become slow and shallow
sweat glands to increase their output
All of the above
Sweat glands to increase their output
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?
blood pressure regulation
childbirth
regulation of fluid balance
temperature regulation
Childbirth
What is the position of the body when it is in the “normal anatomical position?”
The person is prone with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides.
The person is standing facing the observer, with upper limbs extended out at a ninety-degree angle from the torso and lower limbs in a wide stance with feet pointing laterally
The person is supine with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides.
None of the above
None of the above
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________.
coronal plane
longitudinal plane
midsagittal plane
transverse plane
Midsagittal plane
The lumbar region is ________.
inferior to the gluteal region
inferior to the umbilical region
superior to the cervical region
superior to the popliteal region
Superior to the popliteal region
The heart is within the ________.
cranial cavity
mediastinum
posterior (dorsal) cavity
All of the above
Mediastinum
In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For what discovery did he win?
nuclear physics
radiopharmaceuticals
the link between radiation and cancer
X-rays
X-rays
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?
CT
MRI
PET
ultrasonography
PET
Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy?
CT scans
PET scans
ultrasounds
X-rays
Ultrasounds
What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans?
release of radiation and poor quality images
high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals
can only view metabolically active tissues and inadequate availability of equipment
release of radiation and the need for a patient to be confined to metal tube for up to 30 minutes
High cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals