Biology

• DNA= deoxyribose nucleic acid
• nucleotide= A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
• chromosome= coiled section of DNA
• Gene= The gene is considered the basic unit of inheritance. Genes are passed from parents to offspring and contain the information needed to specify physical and biological traits. Most genes code for specific proteins, or segments of proteins, which have differing functions within the body. A section of DNA
• What bases pair together= A+T G+C
• What are bases codes for?

  Protein production
• What is a gene?


  A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or performing a specific function in an organism.
• Chromosome?


  A structure in the cell nucleus that contains genetic information.
• Steps from DNA to protein?

  Transcription , Translation
• What is transcription and its steps?

  1- dna unwinds into 2 strands 2- template to make MRNA 3- DNA code copied on the MRNA by enzymes (matching bases A+t A+U G+C) 4- MRNA travels into cytoplasm
• What are the steps of translation?

  1-Ribosomes in onto MRNA, 2- tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosomes, 3-amino acids bond to form protein
• What is the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  Mitosis: Cell division for growth and repair, results in two identical daughter cells. Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction, results in four genetically different daughter cells.
• What is an allele?

  An allele is a variant form of a gene. It is one of the possible versions of a gene that can exist at a specific location on a chromosome. Alleles can differ in their DNA sequence, resulting in different traits or characteristics.
• what is a genotype?


  The genetic makeup of an organism.
• What is a phenotype?


  physical appearance of a trait
• homozogous?


  Same
• Heterozygous?


  different
• Blood Type A?


  IA IA
• Blood type ?


  IBIB or IBi
• Blood type AB?


  IAIB
• Blood type O?


  ii
• What makes up the rungs of the ladder of DNA?

  sugar and phosphate
• What are the names of DNA bases?

  Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
• What is the first step of transcription?

  The DNA unwinds
• What is the second step of transcription?

  it acts as a template to make MRNA
• What is the 3rd step of transcription?

  DNA code copied onto MRNA by enzymes
• what is the 4th step of transcription?

  MRNA travels to the cytoplasm out of the nucleus
• 1st step of translation?

  the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin
• 2nd step of translation?


  in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a chain.
• 3rd step of translation?


  amino acids bond to form proteins, amino acids order= DNA order
• mitosis vs meiosis