AO1

• based on relative importance of heredity (nature) or the environment (nurture) in determining behaviour 
• nativists: anatomy is destiny, heredity is more influential

  empiricists: all knowledge is learned and the mind is a blank slate on which experiences are written
• heritability coefficient is used to determine how much of a behaviour is the result of inheritance and how much is due to environmental influences, 0 to 1 where 1 suggests a behaviour gene and 0 would suggest it was purely environmental eg intelligence has a hc of 0.5 suggesting it is influenced by both nature and nurture
• interactionist approach: diathesis-stress model used to explain mental health problems like schizo or OCD, diathesis is the genetic component which makes the person vulnerable and stressor is an environmental factor that 'triggers' it 
• study of epigenetics, marks on DNA from past experiences and can influence the genetic code of our children
• constructivism also focuses on the way that nature and nurture interact, it is suggested that people are able to create their own nurture based on their nature eg children who have aggressive tendencies (due to nature) are more likely to seek out others who are also aggressive or activities where being aggressive is an advantage 
• Although KS and TS originate directly from variations in chromosome patterns, some effects are more environmental in nature eg they look different and are likely to be treated poorly by others, which may muddy the water when trying to distinguish between the contributions of nature and nurture to different behaviours
• Sex role stereotypes not a one-size-fits-all explanation of gender stereotypes eg men are more aggressive than women likely to be a biological explanation whereas women wear skirts and men wear trousers is a cultural explanation so could argue some srs have biological basis that gets reinforced by social learning, adopting an interactionist approach to reconcile explanations of srs and gender roles
• Rather than seeing gender roles as simply a produce of nature or nurture, they may be better understood from an interactionist pov, where initial gender roles are biologically constructed then later modified by social influences. This can explain basic cross-cultural similarities in gender role and stereotypes but also why there is variety especially in types of activities to which gender roles are applied