End of apartheid

    Cards (23)

    • UN place compulsory ban on sales of arms to South Africa
      1977
    • Africans allowed to form Trade Unions
      1979
    • Nkomati Accord
      1984
      • non agression pact between mozambique and SA, ensure good neighbourlyness
    • UN Resolution 554- the Security Council declared null and void the new racist constitution of South Africa

      1984
    • World Conference on Sanctions Against SA organised by the UN in cooperation with the OAU and the Movement of Non-aligned Countries

      1986
    • Mandela 70th Birthday party at Wembley broadcast to 600 million people

      1988
    • ANC unbanned, Mandela released after 27 years in prison. Namibia becomes independent.
      1990
    • Violence in Sebokeng, The Rand and Pietermaritzburg and right wing attacks.

      1990
    • Start of multi-party talks. De Klerk repeals remaining apartheid laws, international sanctions lifted. Major fighting between ANC and Zulu InKatha movement.
      1991
    • Specifc fact for the consequences of international sanctions on SA economy
      between 1986-1991 SA suffered a net capital of 16.2 billion rands
    • impact of international sanctions on Deklerk and the NP governement 

      below
      • forced deklerk to begin negotiations for free elections
      • ISolated SA, economically and socially
      • international attention to the condemnation of aparthied
      • pressure on Deklerk to meet Yn demands in the hope of rescueing the failing economy- for business to continue
      • attitudes to aparthied state changed
    • when was CODESA
      1991-1992
      • convention for a democratic south africa
      • first failed as ANC threatened to continue arms war
    • Why was Mandela a key role into unbanning the ANC?
      He only agreed to be released after the ANC was unbanned, internationally pleaded for his release but he only agreed once unbanned
    • How did mandela greatly contribute to the dismantly of aparthied 

      secret meeting with the NP and Deklerk, even though ANC party was against it
      • Initiated CODESA negotiations, leading to power sharing
      • symbol of the Antiaparthied movement
      • able to create an international image
      • 70th birthday celebrations in wimbledon
    • How did mandela try to manage violence in Townships that occured due to Deklerks 'three fold strategy'
      mandela
      • influence by archbishop tutu to speak in townships to clam things
      • spoke at Biopatong June 1992 asking the people to not lower themselves to the standards of their oppressors
      • created the TRC programne in 1995, that looked at oppression from 1960-1995
    • what were the results of he 1989 september snap elections
      NP won only by 48%- lowest performance
      conservative 31%
      lib dems 20%
    • How did the increased resistance affect the economy in the late 80s
      strikes and stayaways caused a loss of 6 million working days in 1987
      economy struggling so much exchange offices had to be shut down
    • specifc info for the failing economy during deklerks reign
      value of the rand fell by 35%
    • what were the consrquences of the declining economy on deklerks governenment
      Dekerk became unpopular amongst whites and the NP lost alot of support
    • when did the violence in the twonship: The rand occur and what happened?
      1990,
      • 500 people died fihting between township resident and Zulu migrant workers
    • when was the Biopatong violence and what happened
      june 17th
      • 1992 armed inkatha supported etered the township killing 47
    • what affect did the violence in townships have on Deklerks governenment
      SA was on the brink of a civil- further pressured him to reform as the country began to be ungovernable
    • What are some international sanctions placed on SA
      :)
      • september 1985 European committe imposed a set of limited trade and finacial sanctions on SA
      • Arms embargo 1977
      • UN general Assembly adopted a voluntary OIL embargo 20th november 1987
      • companies withdrew investments: 90 between 1986-1987, US banks such as Chase manhattan, refused to renew loands, polariod aswell
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