EXTRAS

• alleles are different forms of genes
• each allele codes for a different protein, the allele controls reactions at molecular level
• phenotype is physical appearance of characteristics
• genotype is the genetic makeup which is determined by which allele the individual inherits
• a sequence of 3 bases is code for a particular amino acid. the order of bases controls order amino acids join together to form particular protein
• a mutation is change in order of bases that causes wrong protein to be made
• females have XX chromosomes and males have XY chromosomes
• genome fo an organism is the entire genetic material of that organism
• knowing the human genome helps scientists and doctors in following areas: search for genes linked to diff types of disease, understanding & treating inherited disorders, tracing human migration patterns from past
• CELLS FROM DEVELOPING FETUSES ARE COLLECTED BY amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling
• in amniocentesis, a sample of fluid from around developing fetus is tested
• in chorionic villus sampling, a sample of the placenta is tested
• mutations are new forms of genes result from changes in existing genes
• a few mutations result in altered protein that folds to give diff shape so active site of enzyme could be changed or structural protein could have less strength