STS bulok

• Scientific Discovery usually leads to a better understanding of the world - connecting the dots.
• 1.  In the middle Ages, scientists believed that the plague was spread by “bad air”.

  •       Doctors went to great measure to stop the spread of the plague by wear bizarre bird masks with filters in the beak.

  2.  Louis Pasteur - French scientist who discovered the cause of plagues was actually from microorganisms.

  3.  Alexander Yersin - a bacteriologist who studied how the microorganism spread among a population and discovered the disease was spread by fleas to humans.
• Science is an exploration process
• Technology 


  is when scientific knowledge is used to solve a human need or problem. It is an application of scientific knowledge of materials, and process to benefit people.
• WHAT IS SCIENCE? WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?

  process to benefit people. Examples:

  •       Aspirin

  •       Airplane

  •       Highway system
• SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS

  After scientists discovered how the plague spread, they could share the information with the public. Actions could be taken to stop the spread of the disease. Now, what are the implications today?

  
  

  •Encouraged to wash your hands

  •Public restrooms required to have soap and water

  •Sterile bandages and cleaners

  •Sterile instruments
• Technology can be:

  1.  Any human-made object like from a quill to a ball point pen

  2.  Methods or techniques for making any object or tool, from a printing press to mass book production

  3.  Knowledge or skills needed to operate a human-made object like from navigating a carriage to piloting a plane

  4.  System of people and objects used to do a particular task like from a pony express to the internet
• Global Technology Needs:


  1.  Developing countries

  2.  Industrialized countries
• 1.  Developing countries

  •       Science and society are closely related. Society is family (a picture showing a family), they live without electricity or indoor plumbing. They have limited healthcare.

  •       Life expectancy for a person in Kenya is the mid-forties

  •       Tropical diseases and HIV

  •       Droughts

  •       Technological solutions in these countries, supplying basic needs for these families
• 1.  Industrialized countries

         Look at this family, (a picture showing a family) they live without having to worry about electricity or plumbing. Health care is readily available.

  •       Life expectancy for a person in the US is about 78

  •       Worry more about quality of food than quantity

  •       Have unpolluted water

  •       More money is spent on technology

  •       Technology used to improve the quality of life rather than ensuring survival

  •       Cosmetic surgery, laser eye surgery, smaller smart devices
• Society

  • is a group of people that share similar values and beliefs.
  • Scientific discoveries change society.
  • Society affects the development of technology, changing values, politics, and economics.

  Example: Cars - more people able to own cars due to lower manufacturing rates and economy over 100 years
• Economic Forces that Shape Technology

  1.  Federal government

  2. Private foundations

  3. Private industries
• 1.  Federal government

  a.  Federal budget for scientific research and development

  b.  Agriculture, defense, energy, and transportation

  c.  Given in form of contracts and grants

  d.  Citizens can affect this by voting
• 1.  Private foundations

  a.  An organization not associated with the government

  b.  Work together for a common goal

  c.  Cancer, muscular dystrophy, etc.

  d.  Events and telethons
• 1.  Private industries

  a.  Budget portion of profits for research and development

  b.  Makes money for the company

  c.  Bring new products to the market place
• The totality of use and application of his knowledge, skills, tools and materials constitutes what we today describe as “technology.”
• 19th century

  • Invention of textile manufacturing machines
  • division of labor,
  • increase in production,
  • crowded cities
  • unsafe and unhealthy working conditions.
• 20th century

  • Invention of automobiles,
  • status symbol,
  • harsh and
  • crowded city conditions.

   
• the field of health, Alexander Fleming introduced the Penicillin on September 28, 1928 (THE FIRST MEDICINE)
• the 4th millennium BCE


  Egypt where Papyrus and Hieroglyphics were introduced
• Papyrus is a thick type of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plants. It was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the 4th millennium BCE

  The papyrus rolls describe the last years of building the Great Pyramid of Giza.
• Hieroglyphics is a character of the ancient Egyptian writing system
• Ancient Babylonia(34th century )


  cuneiform was introduced as one of the earliest systems of writing distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tables, made by means of a blunt styles
• ancient Greece (1225-1274)

  • public speaking, persuasive rhetoric, drama, and philosophy
  • Late medieval rhetorical writings include those of St. Thomas Aquinas
• Rhetoric


  improve the capability of writers or speakers to inform
• 17th century


  Francis Bacon(1562-1626) field in his writings.

  “The Advancement of Learning “

  criticized those who preoccupied with style rather than “the weight of matter, worth of subject, soundness of argument, life of invention or depth of judgment. On matter of style, he proposed that the style conform to the subject matter and to the audience, that simple words be employed whenever possible and that the style should be agreeable.
• "The Advancement of Learning"

  • style they uses, communicating
  • Book - human knowledge and learning in general in everyday life
• Ancient Rome

  • Roman alphabet is introduced where writing system originally used to write the Latin Language
  • The Greek alphabet has descended from the Phoenician alphabet while it is derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics
  • the style of writing changed and varied greatly throughout the Middle Ages, even after the invention of the printing press.
• Modern Europe (1440)


  printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg
• Renaissance Europe


  mechanical movable type printing introduced
• Modern world (1980s)


  Tim Berners Lee’s - global hyperlinked information system

  Mesh - also known as www
• 1985 - 90s


  global internet began to proliferate in Europe

  Robert Cailliau, published a more formal proposal on November 12, 1990 to build a “hypertext project” called “world wide web” as a “web” of “hypertext documents” to be viewed by browser using a client-server architecture.  
• Department of Science and Technology (DOST)


  main managing agency responsible for science and technology.
• Numerous national scientists have contributed in different fields of science including:

  1.Fe del Mundo in the field of Pediatrics - doctor

  2.  Eduardo Quisumbing in the field of Plant taxonomy - study of plants, botany

  3.  Gavino Trono in the field of tropical marine Phycology - alagae, seaweed

  4.  Maria Orosa in the field of Food technology - soyalac and darak, banana ketchup 
• PRE-SPANISH ERA

  • aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods of extracting medicine from herbs. 
  • alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar
  • engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
  • Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of engineering
• SPANISH COLONIAL ERA 

  • colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of science and technology in the archipelago. 
  • introduced formal education and founded scientific institution
  • parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught. 
  • Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives.
• SPANISH COLONIAL ERA 

  • established colleges and universities in the archipelago including the oldest existing university in Asia, the University of Santo Tomas.
  • Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial economy
  • Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities due to the prospects of big profits.
  • opening of the Suez Canal - daanan papunta sa red sea, transportation
• AMERICAN PERIOD 

  • On July 1, 1901 The Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories which was placed under the Department of Interior
  • The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal, which was established under the Spanish colonial era.
  • The Bureau dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects. 
  • On October 26, 1905, the Bureau of Government Laboratories was replaced by the Bureau of Science and on December 8, 1933
  • the National Research Council of the Philippines was established. 
  • The Bureau of Science became the primary
• American Period


  Inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy
• American period

  
  

  Not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade