ExpePsych Final

• Experimental Hypothesis


  A tentative explanation of an event or behavior
• Experimental Hypothesis


  • It is a statement that explains the effects of specified antecedent conditions on a measured
• Characteristics of a good hypothesis

  • Testable
  • Falsifiable
  • Parsimonious
  • Fruitful
• Complex hypothesis


  • students who study in complete, use color coded notes, take breaks every 45 minutes, and consume a high protein diet perform better academically than those who do nor
• Parsimonious Hypothesis


  • students who have a regular study schedule perform better academically than those who do not
• Null Hypothesis (H0)


  This hypothesis states that there is no relationship or difference between the variables being studied
• Null Hypothesis (H0)


  • there is no difference in mathematics test scores between students taught using the new method and those taught using traditional methods
• Alternative Hypothesis (H1 or Ha)


  This hypothesis suggests that there is a significant relationship or difference between the variables
• Alternative Hypothesis (H1 or Ha)


  • there is a difference in mathematics test scores between students taught using the new method and those taught using traditional methods
• Directional Hypothesis


  This type specifies the direction of the expected relationship or difference
• Directional Hypothesis


  • students taught using the new teaching method will have higher mathematics test scores than taught using traditional methods
• Non Directional Hypothesis


  This type does not specify the direction of the expected relationship or difference
• Inductive Model


  The process of reasoning from specific cases to more general principles
• Deductive Model


  The process of reasoning from general principles to make predictions about specific instances
• Independent Variable


  The dimension that the experimenter intentionally manipulates
• Dependent Variable


  The particular behavior we expect to change because of our experimental treatment
• Operational Definition


  Specifies the precise meaning of a variable within an experiment
• Extraneous Variable


  Factors that are not focus of the experiment but can influence the findings
• Confounding Variable


  When the value of an extraneous variable changes systematically across different condition of an experiment
• Control Techniques


  • Elimination
  • Constancy of Condition
  • Balancing
• Social Variables


  Qualities of the relationship between subjects and experimenters that can influence results
• Demand Characteristics


  Aspects of the experimental situation that demand people to behave in a particular way
• Controlling Demand Characteristics


  • Single Blind Experiment
  • Cover Story
• Experimenter Bias


  The experimenter does something that creates confounding in the experiment
• Controlling Experimenter Bias


  • Double Blind Experiment
• Factors Labeling Method


  • 2x2 (type of name x length of name) between-subjects factorial design

  2 (type of name) x 2(length of name) between-subjects factorial design

  2x2 (type of name: given, nickname x length of name: short, long) between-subjects factorial design

  2 (given name or nickname) x2 (short or long name) between-subjects factorial design