gas laws

• Gas Laws


  A group of laws that govern the behaviour of gases by providing relationships between the volume occupied by the gas, the pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its container, the absolute temperature of the gas, and the amount of gaseous substance (or) the number of moles of gas
• Kinetic Theory of Gases

  • Particles in a gas have no volume and are very far apart
  • Particles in a gas move in straight line paths and random directions
  • Particles in a gas collide frequently with the sides of the container and less frequently with each other. All collisions are elastic (no energy is gained or lost as a result of the collisions)
  • There is no intermolecular attractions
• Temperature


  A measure of the kinetic energy of a substance
• Pressure


  The amount of force exerted on a surface per unit area
• Volume


  The quantity that all three-dimensional object has. It is the space occupied by an object
• Boyle's Law


  • Gives the relationship between the pressure of a gas and the volume of the gas at a constant temperature
  • As the pressure decreases, the volume of gas increases
• Charles' Law


  • States that at constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature (in kelvin) in a closed system
  • As the temperature increases, the volume of gas increases
• Gay-Lussac's Law


  • Gives the relationship between temperature and pressure at constant volume
  • The pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature associated with the gas
• Avogadro's Law


  • States that if the gas is an ideal gas the same number of molecules exists in the system
  • Equally volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
  • As the amount of gas increases, the volume of gas increases
• Combined Gas Law


  • Obtained by combining Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws
  • Shows the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure for a fixed quantity of gas
• Ideal Gas Law


  • An amalgamation of the four gas laws (Boyle's, Charles', Gay-Lussac's, and Avogadro's)
  • Relates pressure, volume, number of moles or molecules, and temperature
• Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement