EL100, ENG101, EL102

    Cards (600)

    • World English
      Also known as international English or global English, refers to the English language as it is variously used throughout the world
    • Philippine English
      A variety of English languages native to the Philippines
    • Standard English
      Form of English that is accepted as correct
    • Common language
      Refers to words or phrases commonly understood by a group of people
    • Multilingualism
      Generally understood to mean knowledge of more languages than a native language
    • English
      Refers as lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other global activity
    • Englishes
      Refers to the variety of English and English-based creoles development in different regions of the world
    • World of Englishes
      Describe all different varieties of English that exist worldwide
    • Models introduced based on concentric circle

      • McArthur's Model
      • Gerlach's Model
      • Kachru's Model
    • Native English Speaking Teachers (NEST)

      Someone who speaks English as their first language rather than having learned it as a foreign language
    • Non-Native English Speaking Teachers (NON-NEST)

      Refers to the growing body of English language teachers who speak English as a foreign or second language
    • Kachru's Concentric Circle (Three Circles of English)
      To examine in a descriptive way the pioneering model of "World Englishes" proposed by Braj Kachru in the mid-1980's that allocates the presence of English into three concentric circles: Inner - Origin speakers, Outer - English as their second language, Expanding - English as foreign language
    • Syntax
      The rules for the structure of a sentence, dealing with such details as sentence organization, the order of clauses, relationships between words, elements of a sentence, etc. Syntax also determines which word combinations are acceptable
    • Semantics
      The rules that determine the meaning of words, including synonyms and antonyms
    • Semiotics
      The study of signs, and semantics is the study of their meaning
    • Lexeme
      A basic unit of meaning, the headwords in dictionaries
    • Lexicon
      The component of a linguistic system which can be regarded as a list or network of words or lexical entries
    • Lexical Semantic Relations
      • Synonym - A word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another
      • Antonyms - Opposite words
      • Relational - (PARENT AND CHILD)
      • Gradable - MEASUREABLE (HOT AND COLD)
      • Unfathomable - unmeasurable
      • Complementary - (BLACK AND WHITE)
      • Hypernymy - (GENERAL) Words that are a super set of another
      • Hyponymy - (SUBSET) One word is a subset of another word
    • Homophones
      Words that sound similar but have different meanings and spellings
    • Homographs
      Words with same spellings but different sounds and meanings
    • Homonyms
      Words that have the same spellings and pronunciations but different meanings
    • Meronymy
      Part of something
    • Holonomy
      Name of whole
    • Collocation
      A word or phrase that is often used with another word or phrase, in a way that sounds correct to people who have spoken the language all their lives
    • Pragmatics
      The study of language in the context of its use, describing the rules of communication, types of communication, and the intentions of communication. Culture is a powerful influence on the pragmatics of language
    • Phonetics
      The scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds, dealing with production, transmission, and reception of all human speech sounds in general with no particular reference to any one language
    • Phonology
      The broader study of major speech sounds and their organization in particular languages, including dialects and other language varieties. The study of the way sounds function in languages, including phonemes, syllable structure, stress, accent, and intonation
    • Phonemes
      A unit of speech considered a phoneme if replacing it in a word results in a change of meaning
    • Morphology
      The study of word formation, of the structure of words especially morphemes
    • Free Morpheme
      Can stand alone, such as content words like boy, small, and sad
    • Morpheme types
      • Lexical Morpheme - Independently meaningful
      • Functional Morpheme - Helps grammar but doesn't carry content
    • Bound Morpheme
      Can only appear as part of a larger word
    • Derivational Morpheme
      Bound morphemes that help create new words and can change the lexical category
    • Inflectional Morpheme
      Bound morphemes that serve a grammatical role, changing what a word does in terms of grammar without creating a new word
    • Hard Palate
      A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. The interaction between the tongue and hard palate is essential in the formation of certain speech sounds, notably /t/, //, and /j/
    • Uvula
      Comes to prevent air escaping through the nose when making some sounds
    • Glottis
      As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to speech called voice or voicing or pronunciation. Sound production involving only glottis is called glottal, e.g. the sound /h/
    • Soft Palate (Velum)

      A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. The interaction between the tongue and soft palate is essential in the formation of certain speech sounds, notably /t/ and /j/
    • Voiced Sounds
      Sounds produced through the vibration of the vocal cords
    • Voiceless Sounds

      Produced from air passing through the mouth at different points, using air to make sounds and not the vocal cords or vocal box
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