Regeneration

• How and why places vary

  ~ its physical nature

  ~ what its residents do for a living

  ~ connections:

  > internal --> people, employment, housing, services

  > external --> government, policies, globalisation

  ~ changes:

  > locally --> e.g. counter-urbanisation

  > nationally --> e.g. government policies

  > globally --> e.g. climate change, pandemics
• Clark Fisher model 


  ~ shows how countries move through these 3 phases:

  ~ Pre-industrial --> most of population work in primary sector & small percentage in secondary sector

  ~ Industrial --> most of the employees in primary sector declines due to the mechanisation of farming, and inc. in secondary sectors due to land being taken up by manufacturing

  ~ Post-industrial --> movement of factories overseas (offshoring) + cheaper imports caused a decrease in secondary jobs. at same time tertiary and quaternary industries inc. - due to higher incomes + more demand for holidays & technology
• Characteristics of a less-successful place

  ~ large amount of economically-inactive people

  ~ this can be due to factors e.g.:

  > retired

  > unemployed

  > long-term sickness

  > disabillity
• Types of people with a greater sense of community

  ~ self-employed people --> as they identify gaps in the local market and meet the needs of the area

  ~ Elderly people -->
• Economic output def 


  the amount of goods and services which a nation, industry or company creates over a set time
• uSwitch quality of life index 


  ~ all about ranking / measuring things that contribute to our quality of life e.g. goods (house, furniture, food, electrical items) and services (transport, leisure, utilities)

  ~ a composite index that combines housing affordability, energy costs, broadband availability, average incomes, crime rates, etc to rank UK regions
• Types of inequalities 


  ~ economic --> employment rates, average incomes

  ~ social --> educational achievement, life expectancy, crime data

  ~ service --> public transport timetable, interviews with local residents

  ~ environmental quality --> pollution data, environmental quality surveys
• re-imaging def

  ~ how the image of a place is changed .g. how its portrayed in the media