body systems and major organs

• levels of organisation

  1. chemical
  2. cellular
  3. tissue
  4. organ
  5. system
  6. organismal
• body systems

  1. integument
  2. skeletal
  3. muscular
  4. cardiovascular
  5. lymphatic and immune
  6. endocrine
  7. nervous
  8. respiratory
  9. digestive
  10. urinary
  11. reproductive
• integument system components

  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • oil glands
• function of integument system

  • protection
  • temperature regulation
  • waste elimination
  • making vitamin D
  • detects sensations
• integument system interacts with urinary system for waste removal, with nervous sytem to detect sensations
• skeletal system components

  • bones
  • cartilage
  • joints
• skeletal system function

  • support
  • protect
  • muscle attachment
  • cells that produce blood cells found here
  • stores minerals and lipids
• muscular system components

  • muscles
• muscular system function

  • enable movement
  • stabilise body position (posture)
  • generate heat
• cardiovascular system components

  • blood
  • heart
  • blood vessels
• cardiovascular system function

  • transport substances
  • temperature regulation
  • water content regulation
  • defence against disease
  • repair of tissue
• repair of tissue involves cardiovascular system by the blood clotting to prevent blood loss
• lymphatic and immune system components

  • lymphatic fluid
  • lymphatic vessels
  • lymph nodes
  • bone marrow
  • spleen
  • thymus
  • tonsils
• lymphatic and immune system function

  • return protein and fluid back to the blood
  • carry lipids from GI tract to the blood
  • protect against disease and cancer
• endocrine system components

  • hormone producing glands
  • examples: hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
• endocrine system function

  • co-ordinate body function
  • releases hormones from glands to have effect on target organ
• nervous system components

  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • special sense organs
  • receptors
• what are the special sense organs

  eyes, ears
• what types of receptors are there 


  thermoreceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, osmoreceptors
• nervous system function

  • generate nerve impulses to regulate body activities
  • detects stimuli and responds to it
  • initiates muscle contraction
  • initiates gland secretion
• respiratory system components

  • lungs
  • airways
  • pharynx and larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
• respiratory system function

  • gas exchange
  • regulating acid-base balance of body fluids
  • enable sound production (as air passes over vocal cords)
• digestive system components

  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestines
  • salivary glands
  • gall bladder
  • liver
  • pancreas
• digestive system is split into 2 groups 


  organs of the GI tract and accesory organs
• digestive system function

  • physical and chemical breakdown of food
  • absorb nutrients
  • eliminate solid waste
• urinary system components

  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
• urinary system function

  • produce, store and eliminate urine
  • eliminate metabolic waste
  • regulate volume and composition of blood
  • maintain acid-base balance of body fluids
  • regulate production of red blood cells
• reproductive system components for females

  • ovaries
  • uterus
  • fallopian tubes
  • vagina
• reproductive system components for males

  • testes
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • penis
• reproductive system function

  • gamete production
  • hormone release
  • regulate reproduction
  • regulate associated body changes during puberty