M2:T6: movement of microbes

• flagella

  • long
  • tihn
  • ridigid appendages
  • motile for pro by rotation
• 4 different types of flagella (movement)

  1. monotrichous: single at 1 end
  2. amphitrichous: single at both ends
  3. lophotrichous: cluster at 1 or both ends
  4. peritrichous: evernly spread on surface
• 3 parts of flagella structure

  1. filament: hollow, rigid cylinder
  2. hook: connect filament to basal body
  3. basal body: motor protein
• how microbes spin


  counter-clockwise: forwards

  clockwise: different direction
• chemotaxis

  1. chemical in the environment
  2. sensory protein with sensory chemicals
  3. attractant present: direct move
  4. not actreactant present: random movement
• axial filament

  • specialised flagella on spriocheles
  • beneath outer membrane
• gas vesicle

  • found in photosyn bacteria
  • aggrates of hollow protein cylinders
  • impermeable to water
• cilia

  • short hair-like structure on Protozoa
• pseudopodia

  1. cytoplasmic extension on amoeba
  2. 2 purposes
  3. Movement
  4. help digest prey
• types of things for movement

  1. flagella
  2. cilia
  3. gas vesicles
  4. axial filament
  5. chemotaxis
  6. pseudipodia
• taxis 


  movement toward stimulus such as light or chemicals