Chapter 2lifespan psychology

• Teddy


  Four-years-old but above average in both height and weight, looks like he is seven-years-old
• Teddy's advanced physical development


  Could affect his social and emotional development
• Molly


  Three-years-old, attends a local child care centre on weekdays
• Molly immediately heads towards the toys once taken out of her stroller, and does not show any emotion when her mother leaves</b>
• Molly continues to play alone with the toys throughout the day without guidance from the child care workers
• Molly is the only child not bothered by the adults coming close to her and saying hello
• Molly takes little notice of her mother and hops into her stroller with no fuss when picked up at the end of the day
• Separation anxiety


  Molly's behaviour as described by the supervisor
• Willingness to explore


  Molly's behaviour as described by the supervisor
• Stranger anxiety


  Molly's behaviour as described by the supervisor
• Reunion behaviour


  Molly's behaviour as described by the supervisor
• Attachment style


  The style Molly is displaying
• Monotropic theory


  Bowlby's theory that children form a primary attachment to one caregiver
• Molly's behaviour


  Unlikely that she experienced maternal deprivation or separation
• Internal working model


  Mental representation or cognitive schema of relationship with primary caregiver
• Key aspects of human development

  • Cognitive
  • Physical
  • Social
  • Emotional
• Variables investigated in Ainsworth's Strange Situation


  • Separation anxiety
  • Willingness to explore
  • Stranger anxiety
  • Reunion behaviour
• Internal working model


  Function is to guide expectations and behaviour in later relationships
• Piaget's developmental stages


  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational
• Object permanence


  Cognitive concept tested in Piaget's first stage task of hiding an object
• Object permanence


  Cognitive construct attained when child understands object still exists when out of sight
• Child who has not attained object permanence

  Behaviour differs from child who has attained it
• Last three stages of development

  • Early adulthood
  • Middle adulthood
  • Late adulthood
• Two types of motor skills

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
• Developmental plasticity


  Brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience
• Adolescence


  Transitional period between childhood and adulthood
• Changes to corpus callosum during adolescence

  Effect on Ame's behaviour and/or emotion
• Changes to amygdala during adolescence

  Effect on Ame's behaviour and/or emotion
• Changes to cerebellum during adolescence

  Effect on Ame's behaviour and/or emotion
• Changes to frontal lobe during adolescence

  Effect on Ame's behaviour and/or emotion
• Schema


  Mental representation or framework for understanding the world
• Disequilibrium


  State of imbalance between existing schemas and new information
• Accommodation


  Modifying existing schemas to fit new information
• Assimilation


  Incorporating new information into existing schemas
• Piaget's stages relevant to Mav and Gix

  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational
• Animism


  Tendency to attribute life or human characteristics to inanimate objects
• Centration


  Focusing on one aspect of a situation and ignoring other relevant aspects
• Three mountains task


  Piagetian task to determine developmental changes
• Piaget's focus was on cognitive development
• Schema


  Cognitive framework for understanding and responding to situations