GCSE PE PAPER 2

• Steroids

  Benefits: Quick Recovery, muscle hypertrophy

  Side effects: acne, pressure on organs, messes with hormones

  Sport Used: body builders, rugby, sprinters
• Beta Blockers 


  Benefits: lower HR, steady hand, reduce anxiety

  Side effects: sick and dizziness, fatigue, not enough O2 to muscles

  Sport used: darts, golf, archery
• Stimulants 


  Benefits: increase alertness, reduce fatigue

  Side Effect: Heart attack, highly addictive

  Sport Used: endurance athletes, sprinters
• Closed skills 


  Same every time

  Example: free throw in basketball
• Open skills 


  Effected by environment

  Example: free kick in football
• Simple skills 


  No decisions to be made

  Example: Forward roll
• Complex skills 


  Lots of decisions and parts of skill

  Example: receiving ball in open play in football
• Selective attention 


  Blocking out irrelevant noise or actions.
• Imagery 


  Thinking/picturing a happy place
• Mental rehearsal 


  Running through what you are going to do.
• Positive Thinking 


  Positive thoughts which give you confidence.
• S-Specific

  M-Measurable

  A-Achievable

  R-Recorded

  T-Timed
• Reasons to set goals

  • Track progress
  • stick to trading program
  • motivation
  • something to work towards
• Balanced diet

  • Protein:growth and repair of muscles
  • minerals:help body function
  • Vitamins:fight disease
  • fibre:spurs on digestion
  • fats:insulation and energy
  • carbohydrates:slow release in energy
• Risks of a sedentary lifestyle

  Physical:increase chance of heart disease and obesity

  Social:loneliness, lack of social skill

  Mental:risk of depression, low confidence and self-esteem
• Visual guidance 


  Looking at it, demonstration.

  Advantage: creates mental image, see what you are aiming for.

  Disadvantage: Quality of demo could effect performance
• Verbal Guidance 


  Told how to perform

  Advantage: can be specific and good for experts

  Disadvantage: could be a miscommunication
• Manual Guidance 


  Hands on approach

  Advantage: improves confidence, cancels out fear

  Disadvantage: could feel uncomfortable and could become over reliant
• Mechanical Guidance 


  Use of equipment

  Advantage: gain confidence, cancels out danger

  Disadvantage: over reliant
• Extrinsic feedback 


  From external source
• Intrinsic feedback 


  From within yourself
• Negative feedback 


  Bad feedback from others
• Positive feedback 


  Good feedback from others, good for beginners
• Knowledge of result 


  The outcome of something
• Knowledge of performance 


  The technique of something
• Factors affecting participation

  • accessibility
  • age
  • location
  • ethnicity
  • disability
  • sufficient funds for resources
• Trends in participation

  • family do it
  • friends do it
  • sports groups available
• Sportsmanship 


  respect when playing sports to everybody involved

  Example: shake hand after game
• Gamesmanship 


  Bending the rules to gain an advantage

  Example: tactical fouls in football
• Reasons for player violence

  • relationships
  • drugs
  • crowd
  • results
• Why performers take PEDs

  • everyone else is
  • improved performance
  • drive to win
  • reduce fatigue
• Negative impact of drugs on sport

  • bad reputation
  • more testing which means more money spent
  • negative role models
  • competition could reduce
• Negative impact of drugs on performer

  • titles taken away or medals
  • addiction
  • bad reputation
  • health risks
  • lose sponsorship
  • lose fans
• Impacts of commercialisation:Sport 


  Advantage: brings in money, improves financial status

  Disadvantage: not good to watch, can change the game.
• Impacts of commercialisation:Performer


  Advantage: get full wage, more money and fame

  Disadvantage: less passion, sponsorship taken away
• Impact of commercialisation:Officials


  Advantage: make a career out of it

  Disadvantage: can get lots of hate and negativity
• Impact of commercialisation:Spectators 


  Advantage: sport on TV all the time

  Disadvantage: Very expensive, more likely to watch than play
• Impact of commercialisation:Sponsors


  Advantage: make money due to brand being seen, exposure

  Disadvantage: can get bad reputation from sponsoring a bad team.
• Health is:


  State of emotional, physical and social well-being
• Fitness is:


  ability to meet physical demands placed on you by the environment