Terminology

• Phonetics

  Sounds of speech
• Phonology

  Patterns of sounds
• Phoneme

  Unit of sound in a word

  > 'Bat' has 3 = b a t

  > 'Chair' has 3 = ch a r
• Monosyllabic

  Consisting of one syllable
• Polysyllabic

  Consisting of more than one syllable
• Prosodic features

  Non verbal aspects of speech such as tone, intonation etc
• Assonance

  When the vowel sounds in the middle of two or more words are similar, like rhyming

  
  

  > to create atmosphere and rhythm
• Dissonance

  When the vowel sounds clash with one another producing a discordant effect
• Addition

  Adding extra syllables

  > doggie

  > mamma
• Deletion / Omission

  Final consonants may be dropped

  > 'hat' = ha

  > police woman = pis woman
• Assimilation

  A sound that occurs elsewhere in the word

  > dog = gog
• Substitution

  Exchanging harder sounds with easier ones

  > 'that' = dat
• Reduplication

  Repetition of a sound or syllable

  > choo choo
• De-voicing

  Taking the voice out of 'b' to produce 'p', usually at the end of words

  > pig = pik
• Voicing

  At the beginning of words voicing an un voiced consonant

  > pig = bik
• Free morpheme

  A morpheme that can stand alone as a word

  > "face" in 'deface'
• Bound morpheme

  A morpheme that cannon stand alone

  > "de" in 'deface'
• Proto word

  An invented word that has a consistent meaning.
• Holophrase

  Single word that conveys a complete utterance
• Content word

  a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb that conveys meaning
• Function word

  Word that expresses grammatical relationship, may include prepositions or determiners
• Productive vocabulary

  Words a person is able to use
• Receptive vocabulary

  Words a person is able to understand
• Overextension

  Widening the meaning of a word so that it extends to apply not just to the actual object but also the other objects with similar properties or functions