organic chemistry

• first 4 alkanes

  methane, ethane,propane and butane
• fractional distillation

  crude oil is a mixture, it is heated and evaporated. it is put into a fractional distillation column, which is colder at the top and hotter at the bottom. the mixture cools and condenses at different points due to different boiling points
• properties of hydrocarbons

  shorter molecules - less viscous (runny), lower boiling point, more flammable
• difference between alkanes and alkenes

  alkanes are saturated and only joined by C-C single bonds

  alkenes aren't saturated and contain at least one C=C double bond
• catalytic cracking

  long chain hydrocarbons are heated to turn into a gas. vapour then passed over a hot powdered aluminium oxide catalyst. long chains split apart on surface of catalyst
• steam cracking

  temp over 800 and no catalyst
• what will happen when alkenes react with bromine water

  turns it orange to colourless, this is a way to test for C=C bonds in a molecule
• complete combustion

  water and carbon dioxide are only products
• homologous series


  series of compounds with with the same functional group and similar chemical properties
• formulae of alkenes

  CnH2n
• reactions of alcohol 


  burn in air produces CO2

  dissolve in water to form neutral solution

  react with sodium to produce hydrogen and a salt
• where's crude oil found

  rocks