science

• Active volcano

  A volcano with accounts of eruption documented within historical records
• Aftershock


  A smaller earthquake that follows the main earthquake
• Epicenter


  The location on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
• Fault


  A fracture or crack in the Earth's crust along which movement has occurred
• Foreshock


  A smaller earthquake that precedes the main earthquake
• Landslide


  The downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials such as rock, debris, or soil
• Lithosphere


  The rigid outermost shell of a planet, composed of the crust and upper mantle
• Mountain range


  A series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and connected by high ground
• Plate tectonics


  The theory that the Earth's surface is composed of plates that move and interact with each other
• Tsunami

  A series of ocean waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, typically by an earthquake or volcanic eruption
• Tectonic earthquake


  An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy within some limited region of the rocks of the Earth
• Volcanic earthquake


  An earthquake caused by the movement of magma within a volcano
• Mountain ranges are found only in places where volcanoes are situated
• Our country is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Thus, we often experience earthquakes, and we are home to many majestic but terrible volcanoes. These topics were discussed in Grade 8 and 9 Science
• Active volcano


  A volcano with accounts of eruption documented within 10,000 years
• Continent


  A big body of land on the globe
• Earthquake


  A vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of energy
• Focus


  The exact site of the origin of an earthquake, below the epicenter
• Magma


  The liquid rock below the Earth's surface
• Mountain


  A landmass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
• Mountain range


  A chain of mountains
• Seismic waves


  Earthquake waves
• Primary wave


  The first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic station, these compression waves are the fastest and travel through solids, liquids, and gases
• Secondary wave


  The second type of earthquake wave to be recorded in a seismic station; these shearing waves are stronger than P-waves, but only move through solids
• Seismogram


  The graphical record of an earthquake
• Seismograph


  A measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of movements of an earthquake
• Tsunami


  A Japanese term for "big wave in the port;" generated during undersea quakes
• Volcano


  A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor and gas is being or have been erupted from the earth's crust
• Our Earth has four layers consisting of different materials, namely, crust, mantle, inner, and outer core. For this module, we will focus on the lithosphere which is composed of the crust and the upper mantle
• The lithosphere is said to be in constant but very slow motion. These motions are not the same everywhere. This movement of the lithosphere is called tectonics
• According to the Plate Tectonics Theory, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates
• Earthquakes are distributed closely in certain areas on the map
• Volcanoes are distributed in certain areas on the map
• There are no earthquakes in some countries
• There are no volcanoes in some countries
• Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are located in the same areas
• Plate movements result in earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation
• The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area with high volcanic and earthquake activity
• Certain regions of the Philippines are at high risk for earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis
• Geologic risks


  • Earthquakes
  • Landslides
  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Tsunamis