(reactivity series + redox)

• reactivity series:

  1. potassium
  2. sodium
  3. lithium
  4. calcium
  5. magnesium
  6. aluminum
  7. zinc
  8. iron
  9. hydrogen
  10. copper
  11. silver
  12. gold
  13. platinum
• metal + hydrochloric acid = salt + hydrogen
• more reactive elements displace less reactive ones (reactivity series)
• redox: a chemical reaction that involves two reactions at the same time (oxidation + reduction)
• oxidation: the addition of oxygen to a substance / the loss of electrons
• reduction: removing oxygen from a substance / the gain of electrons
• reducing agent: substance oxidised

  oxidising agent: substance reduced
• rusting: the reaction of water + oxygen to iron, forming hydrated iron oxide
• rust: flaky brown, orange solid
• ways to prevent rusting:

  • plating (galvanising)
  • paint
  • grease / oil
  • sacrificial protection
  • cover with plastic