part 2

• Federalism - the federalization of the philippines' unitary government was promoted by Duterte administration.

  Decentralization may be utilized to end poverty, encourage more local autonomy and foster territorial growth.
• Dictatorship - A form of government in which one person holds absolute power over the country and its citizens.
• Monarchy - A type of government ruled by a king or queen.
• Democracy - A system of government where all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.
• Oligarchy - Rule by a small group of powerful individuals.
• Republicanism - A form of government in which the supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
• Socialism - A political and economic theory advocating for collective ownership and control of property and natural resources.
• Republican Government - A system of government where political power is held by elected representatives rather than inherited by royalty.
• Theory of Social Contract - The idea that people come together voluntarily to create a social contract, agreeing to give up some individual freedoms in exchange for protection and security provided by the government.
• Theory - An explanation or model used to understand how something works or why it happens.
• Hypothesis - A testable statement about what might happen under certain conditions.
• Philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau contributed to the development of social contract theory.
• Communism - An ideology based on common ownership, abolition of private property, and equality among members of society.
• Ancient Greece was divided into city-states called polis.
• Federal System - A system of government where power is shared between national and state governments, with both levels having distinct responsibilities.
• Three ways to do federalism :

  1. Constituent assembly (con-ass)
  2. Constitutional convention ( con-con)
  3. Popular initiative
• The Philippines has been practicing federalism since its independence from Spain in 1898.
• In 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte announced his support for a shift towards federalism.
• Election - On May 10- 2010, the philippines has its first automated elections.
• Philippines- National presidential election are decided by popular vote.
• United states- presidential elections are decided by electoral college votes.
• Barangay - A village or district that serves as an administrative unit under the municipality.
• Local Government Code of 1991 - The Local government code was enacted on June 15, 1991. It created new local governments such as cities, municipalities, barangays, provinces, and regions.
• Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is responsible for conducting local elections in the philippines
• Barangay - smallest political unit with an average population of 5,000 people
• Local government units include barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, regions, and autonomous regions.
• Province - An area governed by a governor who is elected every three years.
• Municipalities - The smallest political subdivision of the country with a population range from 50,000 to 300,000 people.
• Regions - Administrative divisions established by law to promote regional development and ensure equitable distribution of resources.
• City - An urban area with more than 300,000 people living there.
• Municipalities - Areas outside of cities but still have their own government.
• The Philippines has a federal system of government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
• Province - A group of towns and cities together to form one political entity.
• Executive branch - headed by the president who is elected every six years. The vice president is also elected at the same time.
• Legislative branch - composed of two houses: Senate and House of Representatives.
• Municipalities - headed by a mayor who is elected every three years
• Regions - governors are appointed by the president
• National level refers to the central government headed by the president.
• In the Philippines, there are two levels of governance: national and local.
• The Philippines has three types of local government units: urban, rural, and highly urbanized.