cont

• Orientalism


  Old stereotypes about Asian and Middle Eastern cultures and the modern tendency to ignore non-Western ideas. Non-European thinkers are often studied as subjects but not recognized as creators of important theories and ideas.
• Jose Rizal


  • First systematic social thinker in Southeast Asia
  • Published his first novel Noli Me Tangere in 1887 which reflected exploitative conditions under Spanish colonial rule and enraged the Spanish friars
  • Published his second novel El Filibusterismo in 1891 which examined the possibilities and consequences of revolution
• Isabelo Delos Reyes y Florentino


  • Prominent politician, labor worker, Filipino writer, activist in the 19th and 20th centuries
  • Founder of Iglesia Filipina Independiente, an independent Philippine national church
  • Known as the "Father of Philippine Folklore", "Father of the Philippine Labor Movement", and the "Father of the Filipino Socialism"
  • Represented workers in various disputes, supervised educational discussions, and led the country's May protest-celebration
  • Believed that only through workers' unity could they defeat the imperialists
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino


  Psychology rooted in the Filipinos' experience, ideas, and cultural orientation. Formalized in 1975 by the National Association for Pilipino Psychology under Virgilio Enrique, also known as the Father of Filipino Psychology.
• History of Sikolohiyang Pilipino

  • Began with the introduction of the American education system in the Philippines. Agustin Alonzo was among the first Filipino psychologists to return from their education in America (1925) and taught at the College of Education at the University of the Philippines, bringing with them psychological knowledge rooted in the American tradition of psychology
  • In the 1970s, during the Ferdinand Marcos' regime, nationalist and radical sentiments among scholars had allowed colonial and Filipino psychology to merge
  • Spearheaded by Virgilio Enriquez, Prospero Covar, and Zeus Salazar in the indigenization movement of their respective fields
• Pantayong Pananaw


  Approach pioneered by Zeus Salazar, using Filipino as the medium of instruction and making him earn the title "Ama ng Pantayong Pananaw"
• Types of Psychology in the Philippines

  • Akademiko-Siyentipikal na Sikolohiya: Academic-Scientific Psychology
  • Akademikong Sikolohiya: Pilosopiyang Philosophical Psychology
  • Taal (ethnic) na Sikolohiya: Indigenous Psychology
  • Siko-Medikal na mga Sistema: Psycho-Medical Systems
• Kapwa


  Foundational value in Filipino psychology, meaning "shared identity or Togetherness". Emphasizes the interconnectedness and mutual respect among individuals.
• Categories of Kapwa


  • Ibang Tao (Outsider)
  • Hindi Ibang Tao (Not Other People)
• Ibang Tao (Outsider) Values

  • Pakikitungo (civility)
  • Pakikisalamuha (an act of mixing)
  • Pakikilahok (an act of joining)
  • Pakikibagay (conformity)
  • Pakikisama (being united with the group)
• Hindi Ibang Tao (Not Other People) Values

  • Pakikipagpalagayang-loob (an act of mutual trust)
  • Pakikisangkot (an act of joining others)
  • Pakikipagkapwa (being one with others)
• Pivotal Interpersonal Value


  Values that facilitate strong interpersonal relationships, such as pakikiramdam (sensitivity to others' feelings) and pakikisama (smooth interpersonal relations)
• Linking Socio-Personal Value


  Values that connect individuals with their larger social network, including utang na loob (debt of gratitude) and hiya (sense of propriety or shame)
• Accommodative Surface Values


  Outward behaviors that ensure smooth social interactions, including pakikibagay (adjusting to others), pakikisama (getting along with others), and pakikitungo (dealing with others in a respectful manner)
• Confrontative Surface Values


  Assertiveness and confrontation when necessary, including lakas ng loob (courage or inner strength) and pakikibaka (struggle or resistance)
• Bahala Na


  Translates literally as "leave it up to God (Bathala"). An expression, almost universally, in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in this attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping strategy when faced with challenging situations.
• Societal Values


  Shared principles, beliefs, and norms that guide behavior and interactions within Filipino society, including karangalan (dignity), puri (external aspect of dignity), and dangal (internal aspect of dignity)