minority social groups that generally subscribe to the norms and values of mainstream culture.
e.g. ethnic minorities subscribing to n&vs but having beliefs from own ethnic backgrounds.
FOLK CULTURE
customs of a traditional rural country emerged from lived experiences.
Genuine and authentic.
e.g. maypole tradition.
A03 DUE TO GLOBALISATION, PEOPLE ARE LOSING CULTURAL VALUES AS NOT MANY PEOPLE TAKE PART.
HIGH CULTURE
products/practices of a cultuer which is seen as intellectually and aesthetically superior.
e.g. enjoying ballet, reading poetry, literature.
A03 - MARXISTS BELIEVE HIGH CULTURE PROMOTES CAPITALISM AND ENFORCES CULTURAL HOMOGENISATION
LOW CULTURE
things only working class would do.
e.g going to football instead of horse racing. Fast fashion e.g. Primark.
MASS CULTURE
cultural products/practices which don't aspire to higher intellectuality.
manufactured by capitalists.
e.g. watching love island, pop music, TV soaps, Cinema
POPULAR CULTURE
set of practices, beliefs and objects that emboy the most broadly shared meanings of a social systems.
manufactured by entrepreneurs.
e.g. pop music, x factor, box office films.
A03 - MASS CULTURE IS USED AS A MORE NEGATIVE TERM FOR POPULAR CULTURE AS MASS CULTURE IS FORMULAIC AND SIMPLISTIC. KEEPS PEOPLE HAPPY AND STUPID.
GLOBAL CULTURE
domestic cultures of societies no longer in isolation.
world influenced by globalisation.
e.g. mass tourism, british shops advertised globally, US films/shows.
FUNCTIONALISM
Primary socialistion of children in the family helps enforce value consensus. What's good in society and social cohesion (society in harmony).
DURKHEIM - EDUCATION AS TRANSITION OF SOCIETY'S N&VS. necessary to produce social solidarity.
DURKHEIM - RELIGION'S MAIN FUNCTION IS TO SOCIALISE SOCIETY INTO VALUE CONSENSUS BY INVESTING VALUES WITH SACRED QUALITY. E.g. religious moral codes, regulating behaviour regarding crime, sex and obligation to others.
FUNCTIONALISM EVALUATIONS
PARSONS criticised for being too deterministic, ignores socialisation being a two way process.
DURKHEIM assumes societies have a shared culture. UK is multicultural, it is debatable ehether there is a single set of norms and values.
MARXISTS AND NEO MARXISTS APPROACH ON FAMILY
ALTHUSSER - FAMILY SEEN AS SERVING THE FUNCTIONS OF AN IDEOLOGICALSTATEAPPARATUS BY SOCIALISING PRO-CAPITALIST IDEOLOGIES AND OWN IDEOLOGIES TO MAINTAIN FAMILY PATTERNS.
e.g. accepting gender roles, it's natural for men and women to get married and engage in seperate roles/jobs at home. Socialised to accept hierarchies in home and at school it's natural and unchangeable.
A03- FEMINISTS argue that ALTHUSSER ignores that a family ideology supports patriarchy as it suggests men and women should have different roles in society and family.
FEMINIST VIEWS ON FAMILY
oppresses women and reproduces patriarchy.
Gender inequality is created by society.
MARXIST FEMINISTS - NUCLEAR FAMILY MEETS THE NEEDS OF CAPITALISM AND REPRODUCES MAINTENANCE OF CLASS INEQUALITY. BENEFITS POWERFUL AT EXPENSE OF W/C AND WOMEN.
RADICAL FEMINISTS - MODERN SOCIETIES/FAMILIES ARE CHARACTERISED BY PATRIARCHY, MEN EXERCISE POWER OVER WOMEN AND CHILDREN. WOMEN DO THE MOST WORK BUT MEN GET THE MOST BENEFIT.
EVALUATIONS OF FEMINIST VIEWS ON FAMILY
Feminists asssume that families are manipulated by the structure of society to reproduce and reinforce patriarchy.
POST MODERNISTS argue that we have a choice in creafting family relationships