Digestive system

• Scurvy


  Scurvy: a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by swollen bleeding gums and the opening of previously healed wounds, which particularly affected poorly nourished sailors until the end of the 18th century

  
• Functions of the Digestive System

  -mechanical and chemical break food of food and absorption of nutrient

  -consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs

  
• Alimentary Canal


  Mucosa: protects tissues and carries absorptions

  Sub-Mucosa: glands, blood vessel, nerves

  Muscular Layer: smooth muscles, pushes food

  Serosa: lubricates surfaces

  
• Villi


  fingerlike extensions that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

  
• Celiac disease


  disease where the body is unable to absorb nutrients
• Mixing movements


  mixed food with digestive juices

  
• Peristalsis


  pushes food down the tube

  
• Mouth


  begins digestion with chewing and mixing with saliva

  
• Tongue


  moves food and connects floor via frenulum

  
• Palate


  forms roof or oral cavity with the uvula at the back of the mouth

  
• Palatine Tonsils


  part of the immune system

  
• Tonsilitis


  inflammation of the tonsils causing sore throat and fever

  
• Root Canal


  - repair and save badly damaged or infected tooth

  - comes from the cleaning canal

  - A cap is put on the top of tooth

  
• Wisdom teeth


  molars that come into during young adulthood and is often removed.

  
• Incisors


  front teeth

  
• Cuspids/canines


  tear food

  
• Bicuspid


  a two-pointed tooth located in the side of the jaw

  
• Molars


  Back teeth that grind food

  
• Amylase


  enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars

  
• Pharynx


  nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

  
• Dysphagia


  difficulty in swallowing or inability to swallow

  
• Esophagus


  A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

  
• Mucus


  prevents stomach from digesting itself

  
• Pepsin


  digestive enzyme for breaking down food

  
• Chyme


  paste is released into duodenum

  
• Rugae


  wrinkles within lining

  
• Acid reflux


  occurs when stomach acid splashes back into esophagus

  
• Pancreas


  secretes insulin and glucagon

  
• Liver


  Produces bile, which emulsifies fat

  
• The cystic duct comes from

  gallbladder

  
• Hepatic duct from


  Liver

  
• Cystic duct and hepatic duct joins to form

  common Hepatic duct

  
• Liver functions


  metabolic regulation, hematological regulation, bile production

  
• Bilirubin


  produced when blood cells breakdown

  
• Bili Lights


  therapeutic lights

  
• Galbladder


  - stores bile

  - bile duct is connected to duodenum

  - bile can from gallstones

  
• Small Intestine


  absorption of nutrients that is composed by duodenum, jejunum, ileum

  
• Mesentery


  supports the coils of the small intestine, contains blood vessels

  
• Greater Omentum


  membrane that covers the intestine and stores fat

  
• Large Intestine


  Cecum: Start of large intestine with an attached appendix

  Colon: 4 sections accending, transversal, descending and sigmoid

  Rectum: stores waste before it is expelled from the body

  Anus: muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste