Urban futures

• Urbanisation


  The process of towns and cities developing and becoming bigger as population increases
• Suburbanisation


  A change in rural areas such as they start to resemble the suburbs
• Counter Urbanistation


  The movement of people from urban areas into rural areas
• Re urbanisation 


  The use of initiative to counter inner city decline
• Megacity


  Population over 10 million
• World city


  A city considered to be important in the global economic system
• Example of a world city

  London and New York
• Push factor 


  Negative factor that results in the movement of people away from an area
• Pull factor 


  A positive factor that attracts people into an area
• Example of a pull factor

  Stable government

  • Better healthcare
  • Better education
• Example of a push factor

  Natural disaster

  • Lack of jobs
• Internal growth


  When people who have moved into cities have children
• Rural - Urban migration


  People moving from rural areas to cities
• How have the distributions of megacities changed over time

  In 1950 there were only two megacities

  In 2014 there are over 15 mega cities all around the world mainly in Asia and LIDC and EDC
• LIDC


  Lower income developing country
• EDC


  Emerging developing country
• Advantage of megacity in LIDC

  The growth of the informal sector allows local entrepreneurial talent to thrive and tackles unemployment

  • Industry and finance to cluster together and take advantage of a market
• Disadvatage of mega city in LIDC

  The government rarely supports the informal sector as it doesn’t provide tax

  • Universities are in wealthier areas and isnt accessible to these areas
• How does the pattern of urban growth differ in AC EDC and LIDC

  AC - cities in Europe and North America reached the peak in 1950s

  EDC and LIDC - cities in these areas have overtaken the cities in AC
• How many people moved to urban areas between 2000 and 2010 in LIDC

  200 million
• Why is London a world city

  Major centre for manufacturing

  • Centre for communication and media
  • Head quarters for multi national companies
• 2 push factors 


  Poor infrastructure

  • Lack of clean water
• 2 pull factors 


  Better healthcare and schools

  • Better access to food