Amniotic Fluid

• Where is amniotic fluid produced?

  placenta
• Amniotic fluid surrounds the what during what?

  Fetus during gestation
• Amniotic fluid can be found inside the what?

  amniotic sac
• Amniotic fluid provides a protective what?

  cushion
• Amniotic fluid allows for fetal what?

  movement
• Amniotic fluid stabilizes what?

  temperature
• Amniotic fluid permits what?

  proper lung development
• What trimester of pregnancy are genders and genetic disorders detectable?

  2nd trimester
• Amniotic fluid testing is done for the antenatal diagnosis of what?

  genetic and congenital disorders
• Amniotic fluid assesses what?

  fetal lung maturity
• Amniotic fluid testing assessing the degree of what?

  fetal distress
• What are the 3 composition of amniotic fluid?

  Fetal urine, lung fluid, and fetal swallowing
• During the 1st trimester, the composition of the amniotic fluid is similar to what? and with what?

  maternal plasma with sloughed off fetal cells
• During the 2nd trimester, the major contributor to the amniotic fluid is what?

  fetal urine
• During the 2nd trimester, what regulates the increase in volume caused by fetal urine production?

  fetal swallowing
• When fetal urine production begins, what components increases?

  Creatinine, urea, and uric acid
• When fetal urine production begins, what components decreases?

  glucose and protein
• What analyte is used to determine the FETAL AGE?

  Creatinine
• What analytes are used to differentiate MATERNAL URINE from AMNIOTIC FLUID?

  Creatinine, Urea, Glucose, and protein
• What analytes are HIGHER IN AMNIOTIC FLUID than in maternal urine?

  Glucose and Protein
• What test is performed to differentiate AMNIOTIC FLUID from other body fluids?

  Fern test
• Before 36 WEEKS of gestation, what is the normal amount of creatinine in the amniotic sac?

  1.5mg/dL to 2mg/dL
• A fetal age of MORE THAN 36 WEEKS should contain how much creatinine in the amniotic fluid?

  greater than 2mg/dL
• What is the amount of UREA in maternal urine?

  300mg/dL
• What is the amount of UREA in amniotic fluid?

  less than 30mg/dL
• What is the amount of CREATININE in maternal urine?

  10mg/dL
• What is the amount of CREATININE in AMNIOTIC FLUID?

  less than 3.5mg/dL
• What analytes may or may not be present during pregnancy, making them an unreliable indicators?

  glucose and proteins
• What amniotic fluid test requires a REFRIGERATED or FROZEN specimen?

  Fecal lung maturity test
• Maternal urine vs. amniotic fluid tests are done to determine possible rupture in where?

  amniotic sac
• Maternal urine vs. amniotic fluid tests are done to determine accidental puncture of the what during amniocentesis?

  maternal bladder
• What is a positive result of the Fern Test indicating the sample is an amniotic fluid?

  fern-like crystals
• Positive fern test is also indicative of the presence of what?

  sodium chloride and protein
• What is the peak volume of amniotic fluid?

  800-1200 ml
• Polyhydramnios: Abnormally large volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy (<1200mL)
• Polyhydramnios can be due to the absence/decreased of FETAL SWALLOWING or NEUTRAL TUBE DISORDERS
• Oligohydramnios: decreased amniotic fluid volume (<800mL)
• Oligohydramnios can be caused by increased FETAL SWALLOWING, URINARY TRACT deformities, and membrane LEAKAGE