Hydrolysis and Condensation

• Hydrolysis is a process whereby a compound reacts with water and gets broken down into smaller molecules.
• Condensation is a process whereby small food molecules are converted to large food molecules by the removal of water.
• starch to maltose to glucose
• protein to polypeptides to amino-acids
• fats to fatty acid to glycerol
• polymer/ macro- molecules are: starch, protein, fats
• monomer/ micro- molecules are: glucose, amino acids, glycerol
• examples of hexose (6) sugar: glucose, fructose, galactose
• poly means- 3 and more
• di means- 2
• protein bonds are called- peptide bonds
• carbohydrate bonds are called- glycosidic bonds
• fat bonds are called- esterbonds
• peptide bonds are formed between amino acids by condensation reactions
• the epithelial cell absorbs nutrients from digested food and transports them into the bloodstream in the villus
• the capillary network transports glucose and amino- acids into the blood in the villus
• the lacteal absorbs dietary fats and fat- soluble vitamins in the villus
• the nerves help to regulate the digestive process in the villus
• veins in the villus help carry nutrient rich blood away from the small intestine
• the lymphatic vessel of the villus helps absorb fats from the small intestine
• the artery ins the villus supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells in the small intestine