Unit 2 Exam

• Distal


  farthest from the center of the body, origin, or point of attachment
• Dorsal (posterior) Cavities


  in the back of the body and include the cranial cavity, which houses the brain, and the spinal cavity, which encases the spinal cord.
• Homeostasis


  balanced or “steady-state” condition of the body
• Catabolism


  destructive process by which complex substances are broken down into simple substances, usually with the release of energy. EX. carbohydrates in food to glucose
• Nucleus


  the command center of the cell that contains the chromosomes or genetic material
• squamous 


  flat, scalelike epithelial cells found in the epidermis
• avascular

  containing no blood or lymph vessels, ex. epidermis is avascular
• What is a disorder of the muscular system?


  Myalgia, painful muscle
• Medical term for finger bone

  Phalanx, Phalanges for plural
• Meninges


  three layers of connective tissue that surround the cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
• What is a nervous system disorder?


  Multiple Sclerosis, disease involving destruction of the myelin sheath of the CNS nerves
• Pituitary Gland


  “Master Gland” it secretes hormones that stimulate the other glands
• Adrenal Gland produces what hormone?


  Adrenaline and nonadrenaline
• What is an accessory organ?

  Pancreas is one, it is needed to help level out insulin levels
• What hormones do females have?

  Estrogen and Progesterone
• Fight or Flight?


  Adrenal hormones adrenaline and nonadrenaline are known as the fight or flight hormones because of their effects when the body is under stress
• What do the heart ventricles secrete?


  BNP, B-Type natriuretic peptide in response to volume expansion and pressure overload
• Accessory organs in the Digestive System


  Lips, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
• Tests for female reproductive disorders

  Estrogen and HCG (human chronic gonadotropin)
• Urinary system helps with what?

  Electrolyte balance
• Where are the Glomeruli located?


  Nephrons and Kidneys
• Test for Urinary System Disorder


  Creatinine Clearance (measure of kidney function) and UA
• Respiratory System


  consists of the organs and structures that allow an individual to breathe in oxygen and exhale dioxide
• Where does the exchange of gases take place?


  Alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs
• What happens if a patients PH levels decrease?


  Acidosis
• Exchange of Gases in the lungs

  Oxygen leaves the alveoli and enters the capillaries; carbon dioxide leaves the capillaries and enters the alveoli to be expired
• What part of the heart is the receiving chamber?


  Atria, singular is Atrium
• What does the left ventricle do?


  Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta
• What is arteriosclerosis?


  Any condition that causes hardening of the arteries
• Systole vs Diastole


  Systole is the contracting, diastole is the relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle
• What is an ECG/EKG


  electrocardiography, graphic record of the hearts electrical activity during the cardiac cycle
• What are capillaries and what do they consist of?


  microscopic, one-cell-thick vessels that connect the arterioles and venules. Blood within the capillaries is a mixture of venous and arterial blood
• Main structural difference between arteries and veins?


  Veins have valves, arteries do not
• The Flow of Blood?

  Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules
• What is the first vein choice?

  Median Cubital Vein, center of the AC (Antecubital)
• Second Choice Vein?


  Cephalic, located on the lateral aspect of the AC
• Last Choice Vein?


  Basiliac Vein, located on the medial aspect of the(inner side) of the AC
• Who can draw blood from a femoral artery/vein?


  Physician or specially trained personnel
• What is an embolus?


  Blood clot or other mass of undissolved matter circulating in the bloodstream
• Leukocytes


  white blood cells (WBCs) contain nuclei