the catholic counter-reformation

• the council of trent (1545-1563): 3 meetings where the catholic church responded to the protestant reformation
• jesuits ( the society of jesus ): a new catholic order set up to fight protestantism in 1540. organised like a military unit
• ignatius loyola: the head of the new jesuit order
• francis xavier: jesuit missionary to japan and india
• heresy: the crime of believing anything not approved by the catholic church
• the inquisition: a special court set up to root out heresy. widespread use of torture in order to extract confessions from heretics

  • the spanish inquisition was known for its brutality
• penance: showing repentance=saying you're sorry

  people could show/repent penance by:

  • wearing sackcloth and ashes
  • going on pilgrimage (sometimes barefoot/on your knees ) etc.
  • a hair shirt