Intra regional migration

• Average unemployment in Poland (2005)

  18.5%
• Average Youth Unemployment in Poland

  40%
• Unemployment in the UK

  5.1%
• Job Vacancies in UK in 2007

  607,900
• Comparisons of GDP


  Poland's GDP per capita - $13,647

  UK's GDP per capita - $41,787
• Positives impacts on the UK

  £2.5bn contributed to economy by A8 migrants and 0.5-1% of UK econ. growth attributed to A8 migrants

  A8 migrants helped fill a skills gap/shortage

  A8 migrants contribute to the NI and therefore address the ageing population problem
• Negatives impacts on the UK

  Increased pressure on social services by immigrants and their families (e.g. education, child benefits and health)

  High proportion of wages are remittances

  Higher demand for housing

  Social tensions due to mass immigration in certain areas
• Positive impacts on Poland 


  Remittances are received by Poland - $12.32 billion in 2008
• Intra regional migration


  Migration between neighbouring countries within a region
• EU


  A group of 27 countries in Europe who have economic links
• Schengen agreement


  People in EU states can move freely between other EU states
• 1.7 million EU migrants live in other EU states
• In 2004, A8 countries joined the EU - the UK didn't put restrictions so people passed freely in the UK
• Pull factors for intra regional migration

  • Easier to travel
  • Education
  • Job opportunities
• Push factors for intra regional migration

  • 1 in 5 were unemployed
  • Low wages
  • Low standard of living
• Benefits of intra regional migration for the UK

  • Fills job vacancies
  • Cultural diversity
  • Private renting
  • Pensions troubles
• Benefits of intra regional migration for Poland

  • More female job opportunities
  • Remittances £4 billion
• Negatives of intra regional migration for the UK

  • Anti-social behaviour
  • Translations
  • Lack of funding
  • Exploitation
• Negatives of intra regional migration for Poland

  • No more workers
  • Polish divorce rates
• 21% of locals in Boston have negative attitudes towards migrants
• 9000 migrants in Slough in 2 years
• 1 in 10 Polish migrants in the Peterborough area
• 3000 Poles in Crewe since 2004