Civil wars 17th century

• War

  • Intense armed conflict between states or government societies
• Civil war

  • a war between organized groups within SAME state or country
• the wars took place from 1642 to 1651 in 17th century
• the english civil wars were also known as the great rebellion
• Opponents of king charles 1 ( and his son charles 2)

  1. Parliamentarians in england
  2. covenanters in scotland
  3. confederates in ireland
• Civil wars path to war

  • King james ides in 1625
  • charles the first ascenede to the throne introducing unpoplar measures
  • disputes arose on religion,politics and social issues
  • personal rule-began in 1629 leading to england 11-year parliamentless rule
• The first bishops war

  • 1639,king chalres 1 fights and get deafeated by scottish army
  • leading to signing a peace treaty in berwick(refused to accept defeat)
  • The king recalled parliament(to raise funds)
  • parliament assembled april 1640-did not grant him money
  • King dismissed parliament within three weeks-The short parliament
• Second bishop war

  • In the summer of 1640,the kings army defeated without money
  • scots occupied nothern england
  • king recalled parliament forming long parliament
• The first civil war-1642 to 1646

  • royalists faught against parliamentarians(roundheads)
  • roundheads led by robert devereaux
  • First major battle-Edgehill
  • decisive victory led to reform of parliamentary armies
  • The new model army created under sir thomas fairfax & oliver cromwell
  • Battle of nesby resulted in victory for new model army
  • charles 1 handed over to parliamentarians
• 2nd civil war-1648 to 1649

  • Charles 1 refused to surrender
  • december 1647,isle of wright he was held prisoner at carisbrook castle,he concluded a peace treaty with scots
  • Scots promised to give him back power in exchange for his respect.armed uprisings began in 1648
  • cromwell and new model army crushed the revolt of former parliamentarians
  • Battle of preston in august ended with the scots decisive defeat
  • charles 1 was found guilty of high treasons and executed by beheading whitehall,london january 30 1649