Respiration

• What is cellular respiration?


  A process that occurs in the cells of all plants and animals to release energy
• How is cellular respiration controlled?


  It is controlled by enzymes
• What type of reaction is cellular respiration?


  It is an exothermic reaction
• What high energy molecule is produced during cellular respiration?

  ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?


  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy released)
• What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration in terms of molecular formulas?


  $C_6H_{12}O_6 +$$6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 +$$6H_2O (+ \text{energy released})$
• What is anaerobic respiration?


  A type of respiration that occurs without oxygen
• What does anaerobic respiration produce in animal cells?


  Lactic acid
• When does anaerobic respiration typically occur in animal cells?


  When oxygen cannot be delivered to the cells fast enough, such as during vigorous activity
• What is the term for the oxygen debt that occurs after exercise?


  The amount of oxygen needed to remove lactic acid from the cells
• Why is the breathing rate fast after exercise?

  To pay back the oxygen debt and remove accumulated lactic acid
• What does anaerobic respiration produce in yeast?


  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol (+ energy released)
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?


  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces more ATP (38) than anaerobic (2).
  • Aerobic occurs in mitochondria; anaerobic occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?


  In the mitochondria
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur in the cell?


  In the cytoplasm
• Is oxygen needed for aerobic respiration?


  Yes, oxygen is needed
• What is the ATP yield per mole of glucose for aerobic respiration?


  38 ATP
• What is the energy released per mole of glucose for aerobic respiration?

  2900 kJ
• What is the ATP yield per mole of glucose for anaerobic respiration?


  2 ATP
• What is the energy released per mole of glucose for anaerobic respiration?


  120 kJ
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast commonly called?


  Fermentation
• What is ethanol commonly referred to in everyday life?

  Alcohol