Trematodes

• Trematodes


  also known as flukes.
• Gen. characteristics of trematodes

  • unsegmented
  • flat, leaf - like
  • digestive system is incomplete
  • hermaphroditic
• eggs of trematodes are operculated
• life cycle of trematodes

  they are heteroxenous

  • requires 2 or more host to complete its life cycle
• developmental stages of Trematodes

  • miracidium
  • sporocyst
  • rediae
  • cercaria
  • metacercaria
• Classification of Trematodes acc. to habitat

  • portal vein
  • lungs
  • liver and bile
  • intestine
• Habitat: Portal vein

  • schistosoma spp
  • s. japonicum
  • s. haematobium
  • s. mansoni
• Blood flukes


  Flukes that inhabits portal vein is also known as?
• Habitat: Lungs

  • paragonimus westermani
• habitat: Liver

  F - Fasciola hepatica

  C - Clonorchis sinensis

  O - Opistorchis felineus
• Habitat: Intestine

  F - Fasciolopsis buski

  E - Echinostoma ilocanum

  H - Heterophyes heterophyes
• common name of Fasciola hepatica

  • Giant liver fluke
  • sheep liver fluke
  • Temperate liver fluke
• Fasciola hepatica


  largest fluke infects human
• Fasciola hepatica


  causes Sheep liver rot
• Fasciola hepatica


  this infects:

  • cattles
  • water buffalo
  • carabao
• Fasciola hepatica


  fluke eggs that is operculated. Hen egg shaped
• 1st Int. host of Fasciola hepatica


  • lymnae philippinensis (freshwater snails)
  • lymnae swinhoe
  • lymnae truncatula
• 2nd Int. host of Fasciola hepatica


  • water cress (plants: kangkong)
  • ipomea obscura
  • ipomea reptans
• Halzoun or pharyngeal fascioliasis results to ingestion of:

  • raw sheep
  • goat's liver
• common name of Clonorchis sinensis

  • Chinese liver fluke
  • Oriental liver fluke
• Clonorchis sinensis


  most important fluke of man because of its carcinogenicity property
• Clonorchis sinensis


  old fashioned light bulb shaped eggs
• 1st int. host of Clonorchis sinensis


  • Bulinus semisulcospira (freshwater snails)
• 2nd int. host of Clonorchis sinensis

  • Cyrinidae (fresh water fish)
• treatment for Fasciola hepatica

  Triclabendazole
• Treatment for Clonorchis sinensis

  Praziquantel
• Common name of Opistorchis felineus

  cat liver fluke
• Opistorchis felineus


  lancet shaped egg
• 1st int. host of Opistorchis felineus


  • Bithynia leachi
• 2nd Int. host of Opistorchis felineus


  • tinca tinca
  • barbus barbus
• Treatment for Opistorchis felineus

  praziquantel
• common name for Paragonimus westermani

  oriental lung fluke
• 1st int. host of Paragonimus westermani

  • Antemelania asperata ( snails)
• 2nd Int. host of Paragonimus westermani


  • sundathelpusa philippina (crabs)
  • parathelpusa grapsoides
• treatment for Paragonimus westermani

  praziquantel
• common name for Fasciolopsis buski

  Giant Intestinal fluke
• Fasciolopsis buski


  resembles F. hepatica but doesn't have cephalic cone
• 1st int. host of Fasciolopsis buski


  • segmentina trocholdeus (snails)
  • hippeutis umbilicalis
• 2nd int. host of Fasciolopsis buski


  • trapa bicornis (water plants)
  • ipomea aquatica
• Trematodes infective stage is?

  metacercaria