Elizabeth

• five strengths of elizabeth 


  she had English parents, she was intelligent, she was protestant, she was popular and she had a strong personality
• Five problems Elizabeth faced

  considered illegitimate, unmarried, no heir, the pope was unaccepting of her, she was a woman
• why was it a problem that elizabeth was a woman?

  women weren't seen to be successful in such a big role and were generally ruled by men as women were meant to be houseworkers so no one had true faith in elizabeth as she was a woman because they didn't believe she would rule properly
• how old was elizabeth when she became queen

  25
• what was the privy council

  leading advisors which included william cecil, consisted of 19 members who were chosen by the monarch, their job is to debate current issues
• what is hearsay 


  going against the religion that the monarch is apart of
• who were the clergy

  priests and bishops
• why was mary queen of scots a threat to elizabeth

  she was willing to marry, she has an heir (male), she was catholic, has support from loads of people including the pope, legitimate
• what was a petty school

  schools for boys, run in a teachers house, learnt basic education such as reading and arithmetic.
• what was a dame school

  school for girls, run by a female teacher, learnt how to be good wifes and mothers, skills such as baking, sewing and medicine
• when did the reformation begin


  1517
• what did puritans think about the church

  believed the bible should be written in english, stained glass windows, painting and decoration is to be avoided, wooden tables and benches instead of an alter
• what did protestants think about the church

  priests should be appointed to bishops, singing and music is still necessary, modest decoration but nothing over the top, alter to be a plain cloth.
• what did catholics think about the church

  sacraments and mass should be in latin, priests are special and necessary, only priests can read the bible which must be written in latin, celebrate with hymns which priests wearing brightly coloured vestments.
• the ridolfi plot


  roberto ridolfi arranged to meet the pope. the aim was for 100,00 spanish troops to invade england and overthrow elizabeth and replace her with mary, this would mean england would become catholic again.
• throckmorton plot


  the plan was to put mary on the throne, england would be invaded with help from spanish soldiers.
• babington plot


  babington wrote to mary giving her several ways that he would put her on the throne, one of these being that the pope supported the idea. offered to kill elizabeth in order to put mary on the throne and sent her letters secretly as she was in jail
• what was one way in which sir francis walsingham caught catholic plotters

  he used interrogation and torture, for example priests and plotters would be tortured on the rack to extract information from them about the plots, that way he could find out any threats
• two ways mary's letters were smuggled to and from her

  ladies shoe heels, or hidden in barrels
• spanish armada sets off from lisbon with 150 ships


  late in may 1588
• in 1587...


  elizabeth sent sir francis drake, one of her most successful men, to spy on spanish preparation and attack their ships and supplies
• how many ships did drake manage to destroy at the cadiz harbour

  30 ships (april 1587)
• how long was the armada set back for because of the raid on cadiz

  1 year
• what did drake describe his raid on cadiz to be

  "singeing of the kings beard" meaning that he has put a temporary damage on the armada however it would eventually grow back over time
• forms of leisure in the Elizabethan times

  music and dancing, theatre, literature, cock fighting, baiting, sports
• what was a growing problem in Elizabethan england

  vagabondage and poverty
• why was there an increase in poverty


  because the population was growing
• the impact of the Elizabethan poor laws

  - the aim was to change the laws which the poor had and understand that unemployment was a genuine problem and wasn't just laziness
• 1576 poor relief act


  the aim was distinguish between poor people and able bodied and to help the poor able bodied find a source of work
• 1572 vagabonds act


  vagabonds were to be whipped and a hold drilled through each ear, also to be imprisoned if arrested a 2nd time for vagrancy
• what was the structure of Elizabethan society called

  hierachy
• two features of elizabeths golden age

  she had an enormous amount of progress and stability, she helped to improve religion
• two features of phillips plans to invade enlgand

  replace elizabeth, make the country catholic again with a catholic monarch