key words -

• skill - a learned action or behaviour, with the intention of bringing about pre-determined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy.
• ability - an inherited, stable trait that determines and individual's potential to learn or acquire a skill
• trait - distinguishing qualities or characteristics belonging to a person
• basic skill - a simple skill that does not require much concentration
• complex skill - a skill that requires a great deal of concentration and coordination to perform
• open skill - a skill that is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment
• closed skill - a skill that is not affected by the environment or performers within it. the skill tends to be done the same way each time
• self paced skill - a skill is started when the performer decides to start it . the speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by the performer
• externally paced skill - as skill that is started because of an external factor. the speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by external factors, such as an opponent or the environment
• gross movement skill - a skill that used large muscle groups to perform big, strong, powerful movements
• fine movement skill - a skill involving small, precise movements, showing high levels of accuracy and coordination. it involves the use of a small group of muscles
• performance goals - personal standards to be achieved
• outcome goals - goals that focus on the end result, on winning
• SMART targets - a goal setting technique that can be used to increase motivation and reduce anxiety

  specific, measurable, accepted, realistic and time-bound
• arousal - a physical and mental state of alertness / readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement or alertness
• direct aggression - an aggressive act that involves physical contact with others
• indirect aggression - an aggressive act that does not involve direct physical contact. it is taken out on an object in order to gain an advantage
• commercialisation - the management or exploitation of a person, organisation or activity in a way designed to make profit.
• media - a diverse range of technologies that act as a means of mass communication. (print media, broadcast media, internet, social media and outdoor media)
• sponsor - an individual or group that provides financial or other forms of support to an event, activity, person or organisation
• sponsorship - provision of funds or other forms of support to an event, activity, person or organisation in return for some kind of commercial return
• etiquette - a convention or unwritten rule in an activity. it is not enforceable but it is usually observed
• sportsmanship - conforming to rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport
• gamesmanship = attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit
• contract to compete - an unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules of the sport
• home-field advantage - gaining an advantage in a sporting event from being in familiar surroundings, with the majority of the spectators supporting you
• hooliganism - the disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators and sporting events
• physical health and well-being - all body systems are working well, free from illness and injury and able to carry out everyday tasks.
• mental health and well-being - a state of well-being in which a person realises their potential, is able to cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to their community
• social health and well-being - basic human needs are being met and an individual is socially active. they experience little stress in social situations and have friends and a support network
• fitness - the ability to meet or cope with the demands of the environment
• sedentary lifestyle - a lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity
• obese - a term used to describe people with a high fat content, caused by an imbalance in the number of calories consumed and the amount of energy expended.

  a body mass index of over 30 or being over 20% above the standard weight to height ratio
• calorie - a unit of measurement for heat or energy production in the body, normally expressed as kcal
• balanced diet - a diet that contains the right quantity of food so that you consume only as many calories as you expend each day and the right mix of different types of foods so that the body receives all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals it needs
• nutrition- the intake of food, considered in relation to the body's dietary needs. good nutrition takes the form of an adequate, well-balanced diet.