Citizenship paper 2

• Turnout


  The percentage of people who vote in an election
• Advocacy


  support of an idea or cause
• Direct action


  An action to bring about change, such as demonstrations or strikes
• Indirect action


  Making your case by persuasion rather than action
• Interest group/ pressure group

  A group of people that tries to change public opinion or government policy to its own views or beliefs

  
  

  Example

  NEU- together for education representing majority of teachers in uk

  
  

  Benefit - providing family money benefits

  
  

  
  

  RMT-

  National union of rail , for transport workers

  
  

  Benefits- better pay
• Lobbying


  Trying to persuade a politician or the government to change the law or take particular action
• Volunteer


  Someone who works for free for a community
• Digital democracy


  the use of online methods to support election campaigns and voting
• Dictator


  A national leader who makes all the decisions for the country, without reference to the population
• Public institutions


  Organisations provided by the government, like schools and hospitals.
• Voluntary Organisations


  bodies whose activities are carried out for reasons other than profit, but which do not include any public or local authority funding
• ACAS


  An organisation that tries to resolve disputes between employers and employees
• Collective bargaining


  Negotiating the terms of employment between an employer and a group of workers
• Employment tribunal


  A type of court dealing only with disagreements over employment laws.
• Media


  Ways of communicating with large numbers of people
• Public opinion


  Views held by the general public on a particular issue
• Censorship


  Limiting the information given to the general public by the government
• Press freedom


  The ability of the press to give information and express opinion
• Editor


  The person who is responsible for the content of a newspaper
• Journalist


  A person who gathers news and produces reports for the media.
• Spin doctor


  Someone who tries to get certain stories into the public eye and to make bad news sound better.
• Editor's Code of Practice

  Guidelines for the media and journalists about the information they gather and how they obtain and use it.

  
  

  Ect respect for private life

  Should not obtain info through harrasment
• Libel


  Writing incorrect things about people
• Slander


  Saying incorrect things about people
• Investigative journalism


  The deep investigation of a topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption or corporate wrongdoing
• What is NATO? Why was it formed?

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Provide collective security against the Soviet Union

  
  

  And also to protect the people / territories of it's members
• What is the WTO and what does it do?

  World Trade organization sets terms for regulating & advancing global free trade
• What is the UN? Why was it formed?

  The United Nations is a group of countries from all over the world that work together. The United Nations was formed after WWII to keep peace around the world and prevent future world wars.
• What is the common wealth and why was it formed

  Created in order to retain britains global power and human rights
• What is the ICC?

  International Criminal Court and created in order to investigate individuals accused of acts
• You have been part of a citizenship project...


  Our school group project is about gangs and keeping the youth/ public safe from gang affiliated crimes relating to theme c
• Name of non governmental organization

  NGO - not run by gov for ppl in need of help, They can work to promote social or political change and help refugees build homes
• Advantages of icc


  Great influence in making violent leader accountable

  
  

  Only court in world able to prosecute
• Disadvantages of icc


  The court is racist

  
  

  No personal police force
• Media censorship example


  The Chinese leadership imposed martial law in Beijing on May 20 and gained protests, the People's Liberation Army stormed the titanium Square with tanks, crushing the protests with terrible human costs. Estimates of the numbers killed vary.
• Examples of pressure groups

  Just stop oil - the U.K. Government stop licensing all new oil, gas and coal projects."

  
  

  Green peace -Greenpeace is a movement of people who are passionate about defending the natural world from destruction.
• Role of the Council of Europe

  To promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe
• Describe the Kosovo Case study

  - Kosovo is a country with 95% Muslims

  - It was ruled by Serbia (which was Christian)

  - Kosovo wanted independence

  - Serbia responded with violence

  - At the time, Tony Blair wanted to intervene

  - So, NATO began aerial bombardment against Serbia

  - Now, Serbia is recognised as independent by most countries
• Describe the Geneva Convention


  An internationally accepted set of rules on the treatment of people in war. E.g. No torture to prisoners

  
  

  E.g. IN 2017, Ratko Mladic was found guilty of breaking the Geneva Convention against Bosnian Muslims. After he was found guilty, he killed himself via poison
• How do trade unions work?

  negotiating agreements with employers on pay and conditions