Lesson 3

• Science in Pre-Spanish Philippines


  • Embedded in the way of life
  • Planting crops that provide them food
  • Taking care of animals
  • Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates
  • Medicinal uses of plants
• Technology in Pre-Spanish Philippines


  • Building houses
  • Irrigations
  • Developing tools
  • Musical instruments
• Metal Age influence


  • Gold and silver jewelry
  • Trading with other countries
  • Indigenous or Folk Science
• Spanish Rule


  • brought their own culture and practices
  • Established schools and introduced the concepts of subjects and disciplines
  • Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants, animals and bodies
  • Technology focuses on using and developing house tools
• Life during the Spanish era


  • became modernized
  • Filipinos replicated technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials
  • Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities
• Galleon Trade


  • The galleon trade was supplied by merchants largely from port areas of Fujian who traveled to Manila to sell the Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory, processed silk cloth and other valuable commodities
  • From 1565 to 1815, the galleon trade contributed to the change of culture, language and environment for both Philippines and Mexico
  • The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea
  • The country became one of the centers of global trade in SEA – One of the most developed places in the region
  • Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines and practices halted the growth of science in the country
• American Period


  • Public education system
  • Improved engineering works and health of the people
  • Mineral resources were explored and exploited
  • Americanize the Filipinos – Reorganized the learning of science – In basic education, science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation
  • The country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins of the war
  • The human spirit to survive and to rebuild the country may be strong but the capacity of the country to bring back what was destroyed was limited
  • New Republic – Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability – Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific productivity and technological capability – Human resource development
• Internal Influences on S&T development in the Philippines

  • Survival
  • Culture
  • Economic Activities
• External Influences on S&T development in the Philippines

  • Foreign Colonizers
  • Traders with Foreign Countries
  • International Economic demands
• DOST  or Department of Science and Technology is responsible for formulating and adopting a comprehensive National Science and Technology Plan for the Philippines, and to subsequently monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation.
• GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

  •       Introduced and implemented programs, projects and policies to boost science and technology.

  •       GOAL: Prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science.

  •       In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly the DOST, has sought the expertise of the NRCP to consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.
• GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

  •       The NRCP clustered these policies into four: 

  1.  Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance 

  2.  Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics 

  3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 

  4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
• Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry

  
  

  •       Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws 

  •       Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries 

  •       Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s conservation

  •       Formulation of common food and safety standards
• Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 

  
  

  ▪  Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards by full implementation of the FDA 

  ▪  Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care  Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information  Allocating 2% of the GDP to research

  • Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
• Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics

  
  

  •       Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities 

  •       Outright grants for peer monitoring 

  •       Review of RA 9184 

  •       Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development 
• Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance 

  
  

  ▪   Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum.

  ▪  Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue 

  ▪  Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband 

  ▪  Local food security
• PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENDA

  Innovation Culture

  What recent success we have with the saltwater lamp, the salamander tricycle and the Diwata 1 microsatellite is a good start but only indicates that we have a long way to go before we create an innovation culture. Innovation can only happen with enough scientists and technologists to develop an “innovation ecosystem.”
• ASEAN Integration requires competitive technology:

  •       Science and technology help us understand nature and the world, and enables us to lead full lives trough new and innovative means. It therefore requires that we as Filipinos, expand our science and technology base to enable us to compete in an integrated ASEAN.
• Two major approaches

  1.  Stronger Research and Development in the regions, not just Manila

  1.  Strategic projects in five areas:
• Stronger Research and Development in the regions, not just Manila

  
  

  •       Expand research and development initiatives by providing more grant support for R and D through the DOSTs sectorial planning councils such as PCIERD, PCAARD and ASTI in cooperation with universities in the regions.
• Stronger Research and Development in the regions, not just Manila

  
  

  The science initiative must be distributed to the regions especially those where food production needs to be improved, industry needs to grow and where innovation needs to be developed. This is critical in light of climate change and expensive electricity and the need to disperse industry and economic activities.
• 1.  Strategic projects in five areas:

  •       Renewable energy

  •       S and T for industry development

  •       Faster and cheaper internet

  •       Increased food production

  •       Climate change adaptation
• Climate change adaptation

  We need cutting edge technology to enable our farmers to adapt to changing climates and the need to do away with technologies that destroy the capacity for good healthful yields. Enabling mechanisms and specifics
• Faster and cheaper internet

  -we have Asias slowest internet, yet our archipelago needs it bridge gaps and build networks.

  
  

  Increased food production

  -given limited lands, technology is needed to expand yields while increasing quality of output and being less dependent on foreign inputs like fertilizers.
• •       Renewable energy

  -we need new technologies to enable high electricity yields in limited space with less dependence on natural resources to enable us to meet our COP 21 commitments, while lowering the price of electricity.

  •       S and T for industry development

  -we need stronger participation of our scientists and engineers if we want to revitalize our basic industries such as the steel industry.
• Many of our scientists and engineers are OFWs who support our candidacy
• primary reasons for the slow growth of science and technology in the Philippines is because of the lack of funding and support from the government for the improvement of science educational fields, especially in the research and development.
• Nation Building


  build society ng bansa, politics, rules and goverment
• history of science and technology in the Philippines

  1. Stone Age
  2. Bronze Age
• 3.3 million years ago to 2500 BC: STONE AGE


  -The discovery of tools to aid in human life is one of its first foundation.

  -Around 50,000 years ago the modern men (homosapiens) first came over

  -land across narrow channel -They lived in Batangas and Palawan

  -They formed settlements in the major Philippine Islands
• BRONZE AGE (2,300-700BC) 


  -In the Stone Age, flint was shaped and used as tools and weapons, but in the Bronze Age, stone was gradually replaced by bronze.

  -Bronze was made by melting tin and copper, and mixing them together.

  -People learned to use metals for tools, as well as domestication and agriculture.
• MEDICAL SCIENCE has contributed much to the cure and prevention of diseases including the application of vaccines and the promotion of cheaper medicines.
• field of communication welcomed a drastic change from the internet usage to the different supply of cellular phones- in just a snap people from far distances can already see and commune with each other. Until now, more inventions are being researched and studied. However, no matter how many innovations have broken out in the Philippines, the country’s progress isn’t much highly competitive. Hopefully, as we welcome new seasons, there would be more support in studying and advancing sciences in our country.
• PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

  1.  Danvic Briones

  • drew inspiration from the sad fate of several Typhoon Ondoy victims. Rescue 72 is equipped with compartments into which one can put water-proof bags containing first aid kits, water, light snacks, and other items essential for survival.
• PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

  1.  Diosdado Banatao

  
  

  developed the first single-chip graphical user interface accelerator that made computers work much faster.A three-time start-up veteran, he co-founded Mostron, Chips and Technologies, and S3 Graphics. Banatao has received numerous awards, he has co-authored 13 papers and holds six U.S. patents. He has Ph.D. degree from Stanford University in mixedsignal CMOS IC design. the first system logic chip set for IBM's PC-XT and the PC-AT, and the local bus concept and the first Windows Graphics accelerator chip for personal computers.
• PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Justino Arboleda devised the coconet, a sturdy but biodegradable net made from coconut husk. 
• PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Edgardo Vazquez  invented the Vazbuilt Modular Housing System with a concept of a prefabricated or ready to-build housing system. an easy to build and less time to construct Walls, floors, columns, window panels, and tied beams, with additional implementation which can potentially solved the country housing backlog
• PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Bobby Murphy, a Filipino-American, co-founded Snap Inc. (formerly Snapchat Inc.), a technology and camera company. The company has 4 main products: Snapchat, Spectacles, Bitmoji, and Zenly.
• PERSONALITIES IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Gregoria Zara, Filipino physicist and aeronautical engineer creator of the first videophone (a forerunner such video telecommunication application as Skype, webcam and video conferencing) and discoverer of the physical law known as “Zara Effect.”
• Roberto del Rosario, a Filipino entrepreneur who developed the karaoke machine “Sing Along System” in 1975