Chapter 1 Physical quantities and measurements

• Physics


  Science about the study of matter, energy and their interaction
• Physics


  Derived from Physika (knowledge of nature) and Physis (nature)
• Matter


  Everything that occupies space and has mass (e.g. solid, liquid, gas)
• Energy


  Ability to do work (e.g. chemical energy, heat energy)
• Einstein Mass-energy equation


  E=mc^2 (Mass can be converted into energy and energy into mass)
• Speed of light


  3x10^8 m/s
• Branches of Physics


  • Sound
  • Heat and Thermodynamics
  • Mechanics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Oscillations and waves
  • Plasma Physics
  • Atomic Physics
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Relativity
  • Astrophysics
  • Geophysics
  • Biophysics
  • Quantum physics
  • Optics
• Until the 18th century, science was studied under a single branch called Natural Philosophy
• Natural Philosophy was divided into Physical Science (non-living things) and Biological Sciences (living things)
• There are limitations to law, but it has no drawbacks
• Physical quantities

  All measurable quantities with magnitude and unit


  Non physical quantities

  Quantities which cannot be measured
• Types of physical quantities

  • Base Physical quantities
  • Derived physical quantities
• Base physical quantities:

  Fundamental quantities that are in the simplest form


  Derived physical quantities:

  Physical quantities that are derived by multiplying or dividing base physical quantities
• 7 Base Physical quantities

  1. Time (l)
  2. Amount of substance (n)
  3. Light intensity (l‹v)
  4. Length (l)
  5. Electrical current (I)
  6. Mass (m)
  7. Temperature (T)
• SI base units

  1. Second s
  2. Mole mol
  3. Candela cd
  4. Meter m
  5. Ampere A
  6. Kilogram kg
  7. Kelvin K