CH 2 Eye Anatomy and Physiology

• In the visual pathway, if a lesion occurs at the chiasm, the resultant visual field defects are usually:

  
  

  a) Unilateral

  
  

  b) Central

  
  

  c) Arcuate

  
  

  d) Bilateral

  d) Bilateral
• Which structure is the second most powerful refracting component of the eye?

  
  

  a) Aqueous

  
  

  b) Cornea

  
  

  c) Lens

  
  

  d) Vitreous

  c) Lens
• The _____ is the area of the retina that is responsible for fine discriminations and high visual activity.

  
  

  a) Fovea

  
  

  b) Optic nerve

  
  

  c) Periphery

  
  

  d) Epithelium

  a) Fovea
• The blood supply to the eye comes through which one of the following?

  
  

  a) Ophthalmic artery

  
  

  b) Ophthalmic vein

  
  

  c) Ophthalmic aorta

  
  

  d) Ophthalmic vena cava

  a) Ophthalmic artery
• Which of the following is one of the major functions of the ciliary body?

  
  

  a) Gives color to the eye

  
  

  b) Makes the eye blink

  
  

  c) Accommodation

  
  

  d) Tear production

  c) Accommodation
• What condition is the most common cause of red eyes?

  
  

  a) Scleritis

  
  

  b) Conjunctivitis

  
  

  c) Glaucoma

  
  

  d) Episcleritis

  b) Conjenctivitis
• The innervation of the cornea is mainly sensory branches of which nerve?

  
  

  a) Cranial nerve IV (trochlear)

  
  

  b) Cranial nerve III (oculomotor)

  
  

  c) Cranial nerve (abducens)

  
  

  d) Cranial nerve (trigeminal)


  d) Cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
• The vascular tunic, or uvea, consists (from front to back) of:

  
  

  a) Choroids, ciliary body, and iris

  
  

  b) Iris, ciliary body, and choroid

  
  

  c) Ciliary body, iris, and choroid

  
  

  d) Iris, choroids, and ciliary body


  b) Iris, ciliary body, and choroid
• The anterior chamber and posterior chamber in front of the lens are filled with _______ humor.

  
  

  a) Aqueous

  
  

  b) Plasma

  
  

  c) Vitreous

  
  

  d) Bloody

  a) Aqueous
• Tears spilling onto the cheek is called:

  
  

  a) Epinephrine

  
  

  b) Epiphoria

  
  

  c) Episcleritis

  
  

  d) Epitropia

  b) Epiphoria
• The ________ system is responsible for the production, maintenance, and elimination if the tear film.

  
  

  a) Skeletal

  
  

  b) Orbital

  
  

  c) Lacrimal

  
  

  d) Muscular

  c) Lacrimal
• The bulbar conjunctiva covers which one of the following?

  
  

  a) Eyeball

  
  

  b) Eyelashes

  
  

  c) Eyebrow

  
  

  d) Eyelid

  a) Eyeball
• Any interruption in the innervation to Mueller's muscle results in which one of the following?

  
  

  a) Entropian

  
  

  b) Ptosis

  
  

  c) Ectropian

  
  

  d) Chalazion

  b) Ptosis
• When a meibomian gland becomes blocked and a red, painful bump appears on the lid, it is called:

  
  

  a) A chalazion

  
  

  b) A pellet

  
  

  c) A nodule

  
  

  d) A hordeolum

  d) A hordeolum
• Which muscle is responsible for eyelid closure and is controlled by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)?

  
  

  a) Levator palpebrae superioris

  
  

  b) Mueller's muscle

  
  

  c) Obicularis oculi

  
  

  d) Medial rectus

  c) Obicularis oculi
• When the eyelid turns towards the globe, the condition is called:

  
  

  a) Entropian

  
  

  b) Ectropian

  
  

  c) Amblyopian

  
  

  d) Photopian

  a) Entropian
• The condition in which the eyes are so tightly closed they cannot be opened is called:

  
  

  a) Chalazion

  
  

  b) Ptosis

  
  

  c) Conjunctivitis

  
  

  d) Blepharospasm


  d) Blepharospasm
• The floor of the orbit is composed of which three bones?

  
  

  a) Sphenoid, lacrimal, and palatine

  
  

  b) Ethmoid, sphenoid, and lacrimal

  
  

  c) Maxilla, frontal, ethmoid

  
  

  d) Maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

  d) Maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine
• The thinnest bone of the orbit is the _______ bone.

  
  

  a) Sphenoid

  
  

  b) Ethnoid

  
  

  c) Palatine

  
  

  d) Zygomatic

  b) Ethnoid
• What type of vergence involves one eye turning up and the other turning down?

  
  

  a) Convergence

  
  

  b) Vertical divergence

  
  

  c) Divergence

  
  

  d) Horizontal convergence

  b) Vertical divergence
• Extorsion is described as rotating the top of the eyeball ___ and the bottom ___.

  
  

  a) In, out

  
  

  b) Up, out

  
  

  c) Down, in

  
  

  d) Out, in


  d) Out, in
• The tertiary action of the superior oblique is:

  
  

  a) Elevation

  
  

  b) Abduction

  
  

  c) Intorsion

  
  

  d) Depression


  b) Abduction
• Which rectus muscle is the strongest and is responsible for adduction of the eyeball?

  
  

  a) Superior

  
  

  b) Lateral

  
  

  c) Inferior

  
  

  d) Medial


  d) Medial
• Which rectus muscle's primary action is depression of the eyeball?

  
  

  a) Superior

  
  

  b) Lateral

  
  

  c) Inferior

  
  

  d) Medial

  c) Inferior
• Which of the rectus muscles is innervated by cranial nerve VI?

  
  

  a) Superior

  
  

  b) Lateral

  
  

  c) Inferior

  
  

  d) Medial

  b) Lateral
• The ____________________ is a clear, cellophane-like tissue that lines the inside surface of the eyelids.

  
  

  a) Palpebral conjunctiva

  
  

  b) Bulbar conjunctiva

  
  

  c) Both A & B

  
  

  d) None of the above

  a) Palpebral conjunctiva
• The _______ muscle has direct control over the focusing ability of the eye.

  
  

  a) Superior oblique

  
  

  b) Medial rectus

  
  

  c) Ciliary

  
  

  d) Inferior rectus

  c) Ciliary
• The choroid consists primarily of blood vessels that nourish the:

  
  

  a) Optic nerve

  
  

  b) Macula

  
  

  c) Crystalline lens

  
  

  d) Retina

  d) Retina
• The _________________ is the area located inside the eye, behind the iris, and in front of the lens.

  
  

  a) Posterior chamber

  
  

  b) Anterior chamber

  
  

  c) Vitreous humor

  
  

  d) Aqueous humor

  a) Posterior chamber
• The area of the macula where visual acuity is the sharpest and is used for daytime and color vision is called the:

  
  

  a) Macula

  
  

  b) Fovea centralis

  
  

  c) Optic nerve

  
  

  d) Fundus

  b) Fovea centralis
• The thick jelly-like substance that fulls the eyeball behind the lens is called the:

  
  

  a) Vitreous humor

  
  

  b) Aqueous humor

  
  

  c) Ciliary muscle

  
  

  d) Hyaloid fossa

  a) Vitreous humor
• Each eye has how many muscles to assist in ocular movement?

  
  

  a) Two

  
  

  b) Four

  
  

  c) Eight

  
  

  d) Six

  d) Six
• The area of the retina responsible for seeing detail is the:

  
  

  a) Optic nerve

  
  

  b) Choroid

  
  

  c) Macula

  
  

  d) Optic disk

  c) Macula
• The area that is located behind the cornea and in front of the iris is the:

  
  

  a) Ciliary body

  
  

  b) Anterior chamber

  
  

  c) Posterior chamber

  
  

  d) Vitreous body

  b) Anterior chamber
• Which of the following is the ability of the eye to focus objects at varying distances?

  
  

  a) Accommodation

  
  

  b) Stereopsis

  
  

  c) Fusion

  
  

  d) Presbyopia

  a) Accommodation
• What is the most commonly used ophthalmic dye which is available in liquid form or impregnated on dry, paper filter strips?

  
  

  a) Lidocaine

  
  

  b) Tetracaine

  
  

  c) Proparacaine

  
  

  d) Sodium Fluorescein

  d) Sodium Fluorescein
• What is the therapeutic drug used to reduced inflammation?

  
  

  a) Antivirals

  
  

  b) Antifungals

  
  

  c) Corticosteroids

  
  

  d) Antibiotics

  c) Corticosteroids
• True or False: The signature on the prescription does NOT have to be the doctor's.

  
  

  a) True

  
  

  b) False


  b) False
• Blepharitis


  Inflammation of the eyelids
• Conjunctivitis


  Commonly know as pink eye