the fielding brothers + John howard

• HF job


  chief magistrate at bow street 1748
• HF beliefs


  too many moving to LND

  corrupt gov

  people chose crime over hard work

  constables = useless, said 6/80 worth keeping
• HF actions


  1752 bi-weekly magazine 'the Covent Garden journal' - pass on info on crimes

  kept record of reported crimes
• HF impact


  established a new force of law officers

  by 1800 - 68 bow street runners in LND
• HF success/ failures


  criminal gangs of LND up against a real ablest small force - later known as bow street runners
• JF job


  successful magistrate

  carried on the work of runners aged 33

  remained at bow street for 26 years

  "blind beak: - recognise 3,000 thieves by voice
• JF actions


  1772 newspaper "the quarterly pursuit" renamed "the public hue and cry" in 1786
• JF impact


  put forward several suggestions to Gov to improve policing

  after his death in 1780:

  • 1792 middlesex justice act - grew force by dividing LND into 7 districts, 7 new magistrates
  • 1805 'robin redbreasts' horse patrol of 54 armed officers
• JF success/failures


  1763 divide LND into 6 areas under control of JP rejected by gov

  1772 -73 general preventative plan: granted £400 to set up the scheme
• JH job


  1773 high sheriff of bedfordshire

  supervise the jail
• JH belief


  prison should reform criminals

  prisoners should be kept in solitary confinement
• JH 4 suggestions


  sound, roomy, sanitary buildings

  salaries for gaolers - prevent corruption

  training for prisoners

  inspection of prisons
• JH actions


  1775 - travel to examine prisons across Europe

  examined eng + war in 1776

  found only 1/4 inmates had committed a serious crime

  visited Caernarfon, Swansea, wrexham
• JH impact


  suggestions were acted upon

  • MP Alexander pop ham passed 2 bills: the gaol fever bill and to abandon the jail release fee