3.1, 3.2, .3.3, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.5

• inner core


  solid centre of the earth
• outer core


  liquid layer around the inner core
• mantle


  layer around the core. thickest of the four layers
• crust


  outer layer of the earth. thinnest layer of the 4
• tectonic plates


  pieces of crust and upper mantle
• ring of fire


  area around the pacific plate where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur
• plate tectonics


  movement of tectonic plates
• plate boundaries


  place where two tectonic plates meet
• oceanic plate


  tectonic plate underneath an ocean
• continental plate


  tectonic plate that makes up the continents
• pangea


  an ancient supercontinent
• divergent plate boundary


  two tectonic plates move apart
• magma


  underground lava
• oceanic ridge


  uderwater mountains formed by a divergent plate boundary
• convergent plate boundary


  two tectonic plates which move toward each other
• mountain range


  an area which contains a lot of mountains
• collision zone


  a convergent boundary between two continental plates
• fold mountains


  large mountains formed by the collision between two continental plates
• subduction


  process where the oceanic plate dives under the continental plate
• trench


  deep and narrow gap on the ocean floor. formed by the subduction process
• transform plate boundary


  where two tectonic plates slide alongside each other
• endogenous force


  force from within the earth, such as plate tectonics
• convection currents


  currents that rise up due the the heat in the inner core of the earth. process which moves the tectonic plates
• earthquake


  shockwaves which are observed after earth's crust moves
• seismograph


  device which registers the movement of the earth's surface
• moment magnitude scale


  scale to measure an earthquake's magnitude
• magnitude


  size of the earthquake
• epicentre


  central point of the earthquake on the earth's surface
• hypocentre


  location of the earthquake inside the earth
• aftershocks


  tremors or shocks that follow the main earthquake
• landslide


  soil and rocks roll down a hill
• liquifaction


  a phenomenon where soil starts to act like a liquid: buildings and cares can sink into it
• tsunami


  wave that can form if an earthquake occurred underneath an ocean
• fault


  a fracture in a tectonic plate
• volcano


  a mountain or hill with a crater or vent trough which lave, rocks and gasses have been erupted
• eruption


  when magma exits the volcano and changes into lava
• composite volcano


  volcano that looks like a steep mountain, found in subduction zones
• shield volcano


  volcano that looks like a rolling hill, found at a divergent plate boundary
• magma chamber


  a pool underneath the volcano, inside the earth's crust, where magma is stored
• main vent


  central channel through the volcano