History - Cold War

• Specific Details - random

  • Winston Churchill's 'Iron Curtain' speech in March 1946
  • $17 billion provided in the Marshall Plan
  • 2,000 killed and 200,000 imprisoned under Rakosi
  • between 1949 and 1961 about 4 million East Germans fled to the West
  • the Berlin Wall was 3.6m high and 1.2m wide
  • the USA, along with 61 other countries, boycotted the Moscow Olympics
• Specific Details - the Berlin Airlift

  • by September planes were flying 4,600 tons of supplies
  • 16-17th April 1949 : 1,398 flights landed nearly 13,000 tons of supplies in 24 hours
  • a total of 275,000 flights with an average of 4,000 tons of supplies each day
• Specific Details - invasions

  • Hungarian uprising : 7,000 Soviets killed, 20,000 rebels killed, 200,000 Hungarians fled
  • La Brigada 2506 numbered about 1500. 100 of La Brigada were killed and 1100 imprisoned
  • fewer than 100 people were killed in the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
  • more than 50,000 Soviet troops were sent to Afghanistan. The Kamal Government required 85,000 Soviet soldiers to keep it in power
• Write a narrative account of events in Afghanistan in 1979-80.

  1. Amin’s seizure of power, 1979. Amin seized power from Taraki, but there was continued instability in the country because of the anti-Muslim policies. Thousands of Afghan Muslims joined the mujahideen – a guerrilla movement which proclaimed to be on a holy mission for Allah. They wanted to overthrow the Amin government. The mujahideen declared a jihad (holy war) on the supporters of Amin. Brezhnev was concerned about the growing power and spread of Islamic fundamentalism and saw it as a threat to the Soviet system.
• Write a narrative account of events in Afghanistan in 1979-80. 2

  2. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Between 25th December 1979 and 1st January 1980, more than 50,000 Soviet troops were sent to Afghanistan to restore order and protect the PDPA from the mujahideen. On 27th December, Amin was shot and replaced by Kamal.
• Write a narrative account of events in Afghanistan in 1979-80. 3

  3. The Carter Doctrine. Carter was under pressure because he had failed to solve the hostages problem in Iran, and some were accusing him of being weak. Therefore he decided to take a tough approach with the Soviet Union. The Carter Doctrine said that the USA would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region, and it promised US military aid to all of the countries bordering Afghanistan.