types of ltm

• types of ltm was proposed by

  tulving
• episodic..

  • more personal memories such as associations of a particular place or time 

  It’s a ltm store for personal events eg when events occurred, people there and objects involved 

  They are declarative and explicit

  They have specific details of the event, context and the emotion 
• semantic

  Semantic-concerns facts taken independent of context

  LTM store for our knowledge of the world which is shared by everyone

  These memories usually also needs be recalled deliberately they are declarative and explicit EG the capital of France
• procedural

  Procedural-concerned with learning motor skills. Long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things EG muscle memories. usually acquired through repetition and practise Usually recalled without making a conscious effort they are not declarative and implicit
• a strength of types of ltm- case studies

  eg HM and Clive Wearing showed difficulty recalling events from their past (episodic memories) but sematic memories were unaffected.

  HM couldn’t recall stroking a dog but knew the meaning of ‘dog’. procedural memories were also intact. supports different types of LTM as one can be damaged and the other intact but evidence from BD patients may not b reliable , as they’re unique cases of traumatic experiences so lack population validity shows that LTM isn't unitary store but evidence is flawed as previous states of their memory unknown
• One strength of different types of LTM is further research support from neuroimaging evidence 

  Tulving et al. asked participants to perform a memory task whilst their brains were being scanned with a PET scan. It was found that episodic memories were in the right prefrontal cortex and semantic memories in the left.

  This supports the view that there's a physical reality to the different types of LTM

  This is significant because it has objective evidence and real world findings to support different types of long-term memory in the brain and has been confirmed many times in other research
• One weakness of research is different types of long term memories that there are problems with clinical evidence 

  for example psychologists are very interested in studying people with brain injuries they have provided lots of useful information about what happens when the brain is damaged however clinical studies are not perfect EG there's a serious lack of control variables

  for example, there might be other things affecting memory 

  This therefore reduces the validity of the studies as the method of research is flawed .
• One strength of the types of LTM is from research support

  eg the hodgen Patterson study- they conducted memory tests where pps recall specific events from their lives and answer factual questions. found pps were better at recalling personal experience compared to facts strengthening the idea that episodic and semantic memory are separate stores

  but coward and Squire argue the episodic and semantic memories are stored together in one LTM store called declarative memory

  significant because while this study supports Tulvings division of LTM there is research that contradicts this idea