1540s foreign policy

• Henry arranged to meet James v in 1541 at York, James did not come which angered Henry
• Henry went to war with Scotland in 1542.
• Henry had long term grievances with Scotland: James was loyal to to France in the 1530s when England needed support for the break from Rome. James protected rebels after the pilgrimage of grace and Scots continued border raids despite anglo-imperial alliance in 1542.
• English army sent North and defeated Scots at Solway Moss 1542, James v died 10 days later. New ruler Mary.
• Scotland weak with new ruler and Henry had chance to settle border problem by Marrying Edward to Mary.
• Marriage of Edward and Mary agreed in Treaty of Greenwich 1543, Scots soon rejected.
• raids launched by English in 1544-5 but policy of 'rough-wooing' failed and Mary married French Dauphin.
• English attacks brought Scots and French closer.
• Despite English force being small, it captured Boulogne in 1544, large financial cost
• Henry invaded France without help showing England was a force to be reckoned with.
• Some see this campaign as Henry trying to recapture his youth or regain standings after failures of 1520s
• Henry made peace with France in treaty of camp (Andres) in June 1546.
• Terms of treaty of camp allowed England to retain Boulogne for 7 years and France pay outstanding pension.
• Gain of prestige and Boulogne at cost of £2 million.
• Wars used money gained from dissolution and also created heavy taxation, debasement and forced loans
• French fleet sailed to Solent of Isle of Wight and invade; threatened Henry.
• Henry failed to achieve success and wasted large amounts of money
• Henry maintained England's position in Europe, secured Northern border and improved England's hold over Calais.