Fitness

• Fitness


  The ability of a body to cope with all the demands of its life style
• What is fitness made up of

  -Strength

  -Speed

  -Stamina

  -Suppleness
• Healthy


  A healthy person is free from disease and illness and is in good physical and mental conditions
• How many bones are there in the human body

  206 bones
• Functions of the skeleton

  -Supports the body

  -Allows movement

  -Protects vital organs

  -Makes new blood cells
• Joint


  A place where two bones meet
• What do joints allow

  Movement
• Different types of joints

  • Ball and socket
  • Hinge
  • Immovable (fixed)
  • Gliding
• Ball and socket joint


  Allows movement in different directions
• Hinge joint


  Allows movement up and down but not side to side
• Immovable (fixed) joint


  Joints have fused together, so they cannot move
• Gliding joint


  Allows small amount of movement
• Two antagonistic muscles


  Work together in opposite ways to move a joint
• Lowering arm


  1. Biceps muscle relaxes

  2. Triceps muscle contracts
• Raising arm


  1. Biceps muscle contracts

  2. Triceps muscle relaxes
• The radius and ulna are bones in the arm
• The humerus is a bone in the arm
• Ligament


  Joins bone to bone
• Capsule


  Outer shell of bone
• Cartilage


  Stops the bones from rubbing against each other
• Synovial fluid


  an oily substance that lubricates the joint and reduces friction
• Respiratory system


  Allows us to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen in the blood
• Respiratory system order


  Mouthnor nose

  Trachea

  Bronchi

  Bronchioles

  Alveoli
• Aerobic respiration


  Needs oxygen to happen

  glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
• 3 main chemicals in cigarettes:

  Tar - A thick black substance that causes lung cancer

  Nicotine - An addictive and toxic chemical that causes the heart to beat faster

  Carbon monoxide - A poisonous gas that prevents blood cells from picking up oxygen
• What can chamicals in cigarette smoke do

  -Cause lung cancer

  -Can stop tiny hair like cells called cilia in the trachea from working properly to remove dust and bacteria
• Anaerobic respiration


  -Happens during vigourous activities when not enough oxygen is getting to the cells but energy is needed quickly
• Anaerobic repsiration equation


  Glucose + lactic acid > a little energy
• Oxygen debt


  When you 'owe' your body oxygen for the energy you received without it
• Lactic acid


  Is produced during anaerobic respiration - causes muscle fatigue and cramp and is poisonous
• Yeast


  A type of fungus used to make bread rise
• Yeast aerobic


  Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
• Yeast can can also do anaerobic respiration. This is called fermentation
• Fermentation


  Used to make beer and wine (Glucose > Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy)
• Alcohol


  An addictive depressant that slows down brain activity and reactions
• Short term effects of alcohol

  -Slower reactions

  -False sense of confidence

  -Blurred vision

  -Reduced inhibitions
• Long term effects of alcohol

  -Addiction

  -Brain damage

  -Liver cancer

  -Strokes
• Balanced diet


  Contains the right amounts of each food group consumed by the body
• Main food groups


  -Carbohydrates

  -Fat

  -Protein

  -Vitamins

  -Minerals

  -Water

  -Fibre
• Carbohydrates


  Energy

  Bread, potatoes, pasta