Finals

• Health care strategies


  • Preventive
  • Promotive
  • Curative
  • Rehabilitative
• Preventive


  Delivered prior to the onset of a disorder, these interventions are intended to prevent or reduce the risk of developing a problem
• Types of prevention

  • Primordial prevention
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • Quaternary prevention
• Primordial prevention


  Measures designed to avoid the development of risk factors in the first place, early in life
• Primary prevention


  Methods to avoid occurrence of disease either through eliminating disease agents or increasing resistance to disease
• Secondary prevention


  Early diagnosis and early treatment
• Tertiary prevention


  Methods to reduce the harm and agony of disease
• Quaternary prevention


  Methods to mitigate or avoid results of unnecessary or excessive interventions in the health system
• Promotive


  Strategies designed to create environments and conditions that support behavioral health and the ability of individuals to withstand challenges
• Curative


  Treatment of a medical pathology such that the patient becomes free from the disease/pathology process along with its symptoms
• Palliative care


  Reduces pain by taking pain reliever medicines
• Rehabilitative


  Aims to restore function across physical, psychological, social and vocational domains
• Allied health rehabilitation team


  • Audiologists
  • Optometrists and orthoptists
  • Occupational therapists and rehabilitation counselors
  • Podiatrists
  • Orthotists/prosthetists
  • Physiotherapists and exercise physiologists
  • Occupational therapists and physiotherapists
  • Exercise physiologists and physiotherapists
  • Arts therapists and music therapists
  • Dietitians
  • Speech pathologists
  • Psychologists and appropriately trained social workers and occupational therapists
• The health care system in the Philippines has undergone dramatic changes in the last 20 years as the government has instituted various reforms and policies to provide easy access to health benefits for every Filipino
• The Department of Health (DOH) lists 1,071 licensed private hospitals, and 721 public hospitals
• The Department takes care of 70 of the public hospitals while local government units and other state-run agencies manage the rest
• Healthcare governance structure


  • Decentralized health delivery system
  • DOH-apex regulatory authority
  • LGUs and Private sector agencies-act as adjuncts
  • CHDs (Centers for Health Department)
  • RHUs (Rural Health Units)-exist in every municipality to improve access to healthcare
• Health issues that made headlines in 2018

  • Diabetes
  • Tuberculosis
  • Dengue
  • Measles
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Cervical Cancer
  • Alcoholism
  • Medical Marijuana
• Diabetes


  More than three-fourths of the respondents (77 percent) from the Philippines believe that diabetes is inherited from their parents. About 32 percent of those who were included in the survey are willing to change their diet to support a member of their family with diabetes, and 47 percent are willing to exercise with a diabetic family member
• With the current population at over 100 million, the Philippines has more than 5 million diagnosed diabetes
• Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, was in exile in the United States when he died of tuberculosis (TB) at Saranac Lake, New York, on August 1, 1944
• Seventy-four years later, TB is still around killing 73 Filipinos every day, according to Dr. Willie T. Ong, who writes a regular column for a national daily
• The Philippines ranked eighth among the 30 countries with the largest number of TB cases in the world, as per 2016 Global Tuberculosis Report

  
• Dengue


  There are actually two types of dengue: dengue and severe dengue. The latter, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, was first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines
• Before 1970, only nine countries had experienced severe dengue epidemics. The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries, with Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific regions as among the most seriously affected, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)
• It has returned as a major public health threat. In Davao City, for instance, 22 of the 45 people who were confirmed with measles died

  
• The Davao City Health Office has recorded a total number of 602 suspected measles cases during the first three quarters of 2018, ending in September. During the period in review, 22 of the 45 confirmed cases died of the disease

  
• We have almost eradicated measles, but we are now seeing a rise in cases, because the trust in vaccines is declining this year
• In 2008 two people per day were diagnosed of having the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), according to the records released by the Epidemiology Bureau of the Department of Health
• Every day, seven people were infected in 2011, 13 in 2013 and 22 in 2015. For this year, the number of people diagnosed daily with HIV is 32. HIV is the precursor of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• The Philippines "has also become one of the eight countries that account for more than 85 percent of new infections in the region," stated report from the United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS)

  
• Every day, cervical cancer kills 12 Filipinos, mostly women. Although it does not spared men, cervical cancer is women's enemy number two
• In the Philippines, cervical cancer is second to breast cancer as the most common malignancy that afflicts and kills women, reports Dr. Cecilia Ladines-Llave, former chairman of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute
• Alcohol kills more than HIV/AIDS, violence and road accidents combined, according to the recent report released by the United Nations health agency
• The report said HIV/AIDS is responsible for 1.8 percent of global deaths, road injuries for 2.5 percent and violence for 0.8 percent. In comparison, the harmful use of alcohol kills more than 3 million people each year. That's about 1 in 20 deaths—and most of them belong to the male species. "More than three quarters of these deaths were among men," pointed out the WHO report, Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018
• A couple of years back, the President replied when asked by a television reporter on the subject: "Medical marijuana, yes, because it is really an ingredient of modern medicine. There are medicines being developed, or are now in the market, that contain marijuana for medical purposes"
• We've seen massive changes overtake a global cannabis culture already establishing itself at a remarkable pace. Canada has joined Uruguay as the second country in the world to legalize cannabis for adult use, markets in the US are growing with every election season, and even countries like Lebanon— whose long-standing diplomatic efforts with the West and its drug warriors caused a long tradition of excellent cannabis to fall by the wayside—are rethinking their relationship to the plant
• In a state of double disease burden
• Communicable diseases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Philippines. Morbidity rate in communicable diseases-42.8 /100,000 population(2009)

  
• Morbidity Rate in Non-Communicable Diseases 90.4/100,000 population.(2009)