GENERAL SCIENCE (CETS)

• Scientific Method


  1 Identify Problem

  2 Gather Data

  3 Formulate Hypothesis

  4 Experiment

  5 Conclusion
• Measurements:

  Time - Seconds

  Mass - kilograms

  Length - meters

  Amt of Substance - moles

  Electric Current - ampere

  Luminous Intensity - candelas
• Solid — heat —> Liquid — heat —> Gas — heat —> Plasma
• The three states of matter are solid, liquid, gas.
• Plasma is the fourth state of matter that occurs when gases are heated to extremely high temperatures or subjected to strong electromagnetic fields.
• Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• In plasma, electrons are stripped away from atoms which results in free elections and positive ions

  . Free electrons can conduct electricity.
• Evaporation - liquid to gas

  Condensation - gas to liquid

  Freeze - liquid to solid

  Melt - solid to liquid

  Sublimation - solid to gas

  Deposition - gas to solid
• Density


  mass over volume
• Temperature


  degree of hotness (celsius, kelvin, Fahrenheit)
• Thermometer


  common instrument for temperature
• Humidity


  amount of water vapor (relative humidity)
• Hygrometer & Psychrometer


  instruments for measuring humidity
• Air Temperature rises, Humidity decreases and vice versa
• Precipitation


  formed when droplets and crystals are big enough to fall
• Rain Gauge


  measures precipitation
• Wind


  horizontal movement of air
• Wind Vane; Anemometer


  identifies direction of wind; measures wind speed
• Pressure


  force of air on surface over area of surface
• Barometer


  measures pressure
• Clouds


  excess water valor condensed into droplets or crystals
• Types of Clouds


  Cumulus, Cirrus, Stratus
• Water 


  universal solvent
• Freezing Point - 0*

  Boiling Point - 100*
• Water Cycle


  Storage, Evaporation, Precipitation, Transpiration, Condensation, Run-off
• Types of Transferring Heat

  Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
• Conduction


  transfers heat through contact
• Transfer of heat in convection always hot to cold
• Thermal Equilibrium


  zero net flow of heat
• Conductor


  has high thermal conductivity
• Insulator


  has low thermal conductivity
• Convection


  transfers heat through movement of fluid (liquid or gas)
• • Hot molecules rise, cold molecules sink
  • Heat causes molecules to expand, which leads to greater mass than unit volume which means lower density
• Radiation


  transfers heat through empty space