early modern period (1485-1800)

• causes of civil war 1640

  money:

  • spent an excessive amount of money on himself
  • made people pay a tax called 'ship money' which was supposed to improve the navy in times of war. Usually only paid by countries on the coast and only in wartime. However Charles demands ship money from all countries despite the war. those who refused were put in prison
  • rules without parliament for 11 years but he is forced to recall parliament to ask for extra money to fight the Scots.
• causes of civil war p2

  religion:

  • Charles makes William laud archbishop of canterbury. Laud doesn't like Puritans. He makes changes to church of England e.g he introduced the statues, music, candles that puritans don't like. They believed the church was becoming too catholic.
  • Scottish attack England because they do not like the religious changes. Charles has no army or money to fight
  • Charles is married to a Catholic. People frightened that the Catholics will take over.
• The Glorious Revolution 1688

  • Charles I executed
  • 1660 Charles II restored to throne. William Cavendish carries the new kings train at his coronation
  • 1685 death of Charles II. James II, his brother takes the throne.
  • William Cavendish in the HOL but doesn't like James II because he is Catholic
  • Cavendish met with 6 friends, became known as the mortal 7
  • Cavendish wrote a coded letter to William of orange, king of holland. In it he told him to come to England to take the crown. He promised that the mortal 7 would support him.
  • 1688 William sailed to England with an army.
• The Glorious Revolution p2

  • 1688 William sailed to England with an army
  • 1688 James II fled to Europe. William of orange crowned king of England. He is married to Mary, Protestant daughter of James II from his first marriage.