chemical analysis

• formulation 


  mixture that's been designed as a useful product
• Rf value


  distance moved by substance divided by distance moved by solvent
• solubility in chromatography


  more soluble - further distance travelled up paper
• chromatography mixtures and pure

  mixture - compounds may separate into different spots depending on solvent

  pure - only one spot in all solvents
• test for hydrogen 


  burning splint held at end of test tube

  creates squeaky pop
• test for oxygen


  insert glowing splint in test tube

  splint relights in oxygen
• test for carbon dioxide

  bubble gas through limewater

  will turn milky / cloudy
• test for chlorine 


  use damp litmus paper

  paper will be bleached and turns white
• halides 


  first add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution

  chloride - white precipitate

  bromide - cream

  iodide - yellow