internal and external communication

• Transmitter/Sender


  The person starting up the communication process by sending the message
• Medium


  The method used to send a message
• Receiver


  The person who receives the message
• Feedback


  The reply from the receiver which shows whether the message has arrived
• Communication is very important in a business
• Communication


  The transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver who understands the message
• Types of communication methods

  • Verbal (speaking)
  • Written (emails, letters, text messages)
  • Visual (posters, graphs, notices)
• Internal communication


  Communication between members of the same organization from within
• External communication

  Communication between the organization and other organizations or individuals
• One-way communication


  A message which does not call for or require a response
• Two-way communication


  When a receiver gives a response to the message and there is a discussion about it
• One-way communication


  • Notice: "Please don't smoke in the area"
  • Announcement: "There will be a fire drill at 11 o'clock today"
• Two-way communication


  • Message: "The cutting machine is broken down, can you call the engineer as soon as possible?"
• Formal communication


  Messages sent through established channels using professional language
• Informal communication


  Information sent and received casually using everyday language
• Formal communication


  • Email from the director
  • Letter about salary
• Informal communication


  • Chat over lunch
  • Note on a poster
• Managers and directors use both formal and informal methods of communication
• Factors to consider when choosing a communication method

  • Speed of communication
  • Need for written record
  • Cost
  • Receiver
  • Level of detail required
  • Need for feedback
  • Type of leader
• Communication barriers


  Problems that arise and lead to ineffective communication
• Causes of communication barriers

  • Problems with the sender (language too difficult, speaks too quickly)
  • Problems with the medium (message lost, wrong channel used, long chain of communication)
  • Problems with the receiver (not listening, don't trust sender)
  • Problems with feedback (no feedback, received too slowly)
• Reducing/removing communication barriers


  1. Use simple language

  2. Ensure right person receives message

  3. Make message brief

  4. Ask for feedback

  5. Select appropriate communication method

  6. Use short communication channel

  7. Emphasize importance of message

  8. Build trust with receiver

  9. Use direct lines of communication between managers and subordinates