1 LESSON_Q3

• The human body is made up of different systems that coordinate with one another in order to perform their functions well. If any part of these organ systems malfunctions, the body will become unbalanced. The instability caused by the malfunctioning of one system cannot be made stable by other systems because each system has its own function in the body.
• You have studied in the past that human body systems are the combined functional units composed of various organs that work in full coordination with one and the other.
• In grade 9, you have already studied how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together and how lifestyle affects these systems.
• Now, you will learn about the coordinated functions of the reproductive, endocrine, and nervous systems.
• This module is based on Deped's Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) for Science 10, Quarter 3 for week 1.
• Learning Competency


  Explain the role of hormones involve in female and male reproductive systems
• A hormone is a chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.
• The body's coordination and communication functions are regulated by two important systems

  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
• Nervous system


  Produces neurotransmitters
• Endocrine system


  Produces hormones
• Hormones


  Often act slower than neurotransmitter but they have longer lasting effects
• Functions of hormones


  • Regulate growth and development
  • Influence behavior
  • Maintain homeostasis
  • Regulate Metabolism
  • Allow response to external stimuli
  • Balance water and minerals
  • Influence reproductive processes
• Nervous system


  • Coordinates the various body processes by transmitting signals among the different parts of the body
  • Responsible for the control and the communication among the organs of the body
  • A system of cells,tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli
  • Each part has a specific role as it functions an important part of a system
• Major divisions of the nervous system

  • Central nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
• Main components of the central nervous system

  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
• Main divisions of the peripheral nervous system

  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
• Main parts of the brain

  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem
• Main parts of the peripheral nervous system

  • Spinal nerves
  • Cranial nerves
• Subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system


  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
• Endocrine system


  • Consists of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones to control various body processes
  • Control system usually brings about slow changes in the body because chemical messengers move more slowly than nerve impulses
• Major glands in the endocrine system

  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
• Endocrine glands and their hormones

  • Pituitary: Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Growth Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone(LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

  Thyroid: Thyrotropin or TSH, Thyroxin, Calcitonin

  Parathyroid: Parathyromone or PTH

  Thymus: Thymosin

  Adrenal: Adrenaline

  Pancreas: Insulin, Glucagon

  Reproductive (Testes): Androgen, Testosterone

  Reproductive (Ovaries): Estrogen, Progesterone
• Anterior pituitary hormones


  • Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Luteinising hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
• Posterior pituitary hormones


  • Oxytocin
  • Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
• The reproductive system is one of the body's major systems.
• Thymosin


  Enables the body to produce certain antibodies
• Adrenal


  On top of the kidneys
• Adrenaline

  Prepares the body for action
• Adrenal


  Controls the heart rate and breathing in times of emergency
• Pancreas


  Between the kidneys
• Insulin, Glucagon


  Regulates blood sugar levels
• Testes


  Male reproductive organ located in the lower abdomen
• Ovaries


  Female reproductive organ located in the lower abdomen
• Androgen, Testosterone


  Control maturation and male characteristics
• Estrogen, Progesterone


  Influence female traits, and support reproductive function
• Anterior Pituitary Hormones


  • Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Luteinising hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
• Posterior Pituitary Hormones


  Oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
• Gonads


  Primary reproductive organs - testes in males, ovaries in females
• Gametogenesis

  Gonads produce reproductive cells called gametes - spermatozoa in males, ova in females
• Testosterone


  Belongs to a class of hormones called androgens that have masculinizing actions